AUTA DE SOUZA BEYOND THE REGIONAL: THE CIRCULATION OF THE POTIGUAR POET IN THE NATIONAL PRESS OF THE FROM 1897 TO 1930 AND THE SYMBOLIC-REGIONAL AND MODERNIST REVERBERATIONS OF HER POETRY
Keywords: Auta de Souza; Periodical Press; Literature; Cultural Memory.
ABSTRACT
Auta de Souza has gained prominence in recent times and returned to the scene of literary discussions. In this context, the main objective of this dissertation is to present a repositioning of Auta de Souza in the national literary scene, from an analysis of the circulation of biographical news and poetic texts by the author from Rio Grande do Norte in the Brazilian press in the 19th and 20th centuries (1897 to 1930); this study considers the role of patronage and self-promotion systems that influenced the consolidation of the author's presence in national periodicals and in the cultural imagination, highlighting how regional and modernist symbols are reflected in her poetry. The theoretical framework underlying this research articulates different axes of analysis: in the field of literary history and literary trends, the contributions of Candido (2000), Even-Zohar (1990), Chiappini (1995 e 2013) and Pelinser and Alves (2020) are mobilised; with regard to literary comparativism, our study draws on the reflections of Carvalhal (2006); discussions on periodicals and women's press in Brazil, as well as on the dynamics of women's literary movements are supported by Casanova (2002), Duarte (2016), Martins (2008), and Nitrini (2000); In the field of cultural studies, the theories of Bourdieu (2002), Hall (2003) and Chartier (2002) are fundamental to understand the symbolic mediations and power relations in the social representations involved in literary production; the biographical contributions of Figueiredo (2012) and Cascudo (1961) support the analysis of the personal and intellectual trajectories that permeate the corpus under investigation. The research conducted on the Hemeroteca Digital platform from the National Library resulted in the cataloguing of 352 occurrences with the name Auta de Souza, of which 96 relate to the publication of poems; the remaining occurrences correspond to articles (66) or mentions of the poet (166), as well as advertisements for her book (06) and the first biography written about her (18), authored by Jackson de Figueiredo. Auta de Souza's poetry, which circulated in the press between 1897 and 1930, reveals tensions between resignation and resistance, earthly forces and the sacred, in addition to its profound lyricism and historically discussed themes of spirituality, introspection, and the experience of suffering. The poet subtly claims a place for the voice and expression of female subjectivity with the authority of someone who recognises the silencing imposed on the poetic word written by women. Her writing reflects the values of her time and anticipates a modern gesture of internalisation and aesthetic autonomy, capable of having a dialogue with the romantic-symbolist tradition and a modern sensibility in formation. The most recurring themes in the poet's work published in periodicals emphasise pain, the ephemerality of life, and death, but they also speak of hope, life, faith, and revolution, functioning as a kind of mediation between the human and the divine, transforming the lyrical self into an instrument of struggle and propagation of feminine ideals. In this sense, repositioning the poet from Rio Grande do Norte in the national literary field implies not only reinterpreting her poetic production and broadening stereotypical views, beyond readings crystallised around the religiosity and sentimentality present in her work, but also affirming the triad of literature, memory and cultural identity as constitutive axes of collectivity and the importance of the periodical press in the construction of Brazil's literary history.