SOTA, ABSOTA, AND ECTOBARROCO: PREFIGURATIONS OF CREOLE POETICS ON AMERICA LATINA
Latin American Baroque; Prefiguration; Criolho; Sota, absota, and ectobarroco; Decoloniality.
This research analyzes how the literary works of Latin American Creole writers from the Baroque period can be considered prefiguring bases for what would become not only the conformation of the continental territory but also the beginning of an awareness of belonging to this place, Latin America. To do so, we seek theoretical support in contributions from decoloniality theory, criollismo, among other related fields that propose the construction of an epistemology of an identitarian and autonomous nature. As a theoretical approach, we also propose the use of three neologisms (sota, absota, and ectobarroco) that aim to particularize the theoretical relationship with the critical-literary representations of the productions of Creole intellectuals from our chosen period, the 17th-century Baroque. The analytical base comprised the productions of Creole poets Gregório de Matos (Brazil) and Juan del Valle y Caviedes (Peru), demonstrating how the discursive sphere also represented another colonialist space, instituting, even from that moment, a negative and uncultured valuation of these literati. Our specific objectives are: I. to characterize the Baroque literary aesthetic; II. to review the state of the art and problematize the Eurocentric historiographical perception of this aesthetic versus the Latin American one; III. to approximate and confront these theoretical perceptions through a decolonialist critique; and finally, to propose the rationalization of the imperative need to approach Latin American literature — from its Baroque beginnings, for example — from a Latin American critique, that is, one that perceives its formation through the lens of its own context of production. Of a qualitative, exploratory nature, this research is based on a bibliographic review method, as we conducted a historiographical survey of the European Baroque, analyzing classical theories such as those of Wölfflin (1986), Weisbah (1942), Hauser (1993), and Benjamin (1984), seeking to verify and problematize the state of the art of our thematic object. In the scenario of Latin American Baroque criticism, we consulted Carpentier (2007), Lezama Lima (1988, 1993), Sarduy (1987), Chiampi (1993, 1998), and Fuentes (2013), among other authors who deliberate on the need for a continental literature that reveals its independent identity. Finally, we support our idea of prefiguration based on theories of decoloniality, criollismo, among others that envision an autonomous epistemology free from colonialist legacies. Thus, throughout this work, we seek to support the proposed arguments, establishing comparisons and pointing out revealing traces of this prefiguration in the writings of the chosen poets, as well as the awareness of being part of a new landscape. In this way, it was possible to perceive how orthodox structures, as early as the 17th century, created restricted spaces that continue to marginalize literatures they do not recognize as their reflection. This implies that even the feeling of copy or non-originality is translated as a form of institutionalized thought that seeks to defend its imperialist rationale. Hence, the relevance of propositions like this lies in questioning the dynamics of these historically fixed constructions, attempting to point out paths for revisiting, understanding, and proposing new perceptions that denounce and deconstruct the structures that still insist on limiting our forms of literature.