ARGUMENT STRUCTURE OF THE VERB OF AFFECTION “GOSTAR” IN PB: A FUNCTIONALIST ANALYSIS
North American functional linguistics. Argument structure. Verb of affection. Verb gostar
In this research, we investigate the argument structure of the verb of affection “gostar” in Brazilian Portuguese, which belongs to the mental process subtype of affection (Halliday, 1985; Halliday; Matthiessen, 2004). These processes are specifically related to feelings/emotions and are manifested in verbs such as: to adore, to like, to love, to dislike, to hate, to despise, to fear, to appreciate, among others. The objective of the study is to analyze and describe the characteristics in empirical data of Portuguese speech and writing. To this end, a research is based on the theoretical assumptions of Classical Functional Linguistics, of North American tradition (Du Bois, 2003; Furtado da Cunha, 2021; Furtado da Cunha; Costa; Cezario, 2015; Givon, 1995, 2001). Methodologically, this research is classified as synchronic, with a descriptive-explanatory approach. The empirical material of this study includes 858 occurrences of the EA of the verb gostar, in oral and written texts taken from the Corpus Discurso & Gramatica (B): a lingua falada e escrita na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Votre; Oliveira, 1998) and the Corpus Discurso & Gramatica: a lingua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (Furtado da Cunha, 1998). The data indicate that the prototypical pattern of the EA of the verb gostar is [SN V SP(de + SN/SV)], being present in simple and complex sentences. We also identified that the predicate presents a semantic continuum, having abstract values such as affection, appreciation, approval, up to the more concrete ones related to physical/perceptual pleasure. We also note that the subject of the EA of the verb gostar is almost always a pronoun, which refers to a human and animate subject (being the experiencer), and in most cases consists of old information. Regarding its complement, it is most often exclusively the preposition (de) followed by SN or clause, having a prominent thematic role and is new information in the discourse. In addition, the verb + the preposition de form a single block of information (a chunk), so that the speaker does not access in his memory only the verb gostar, but rather the gostar de. Generally, clauses with the verb appear as an unfinished event or one that has not yet occurred, being -perfective and having low transitivity (non-agent subject, -perfective verb and unaffected complement).