There is an ongoing effort by researchers to understand what are the universal factors that favor prosociality in its various forms. One of these factors is the socioeconomic status (status). Evidence about the relationship between status and prosociality is controversial both in children and adults. The present thesis investigates this association in children using different methods. The first chapter provides a general introduction. The second chapter offers a theoretical review of the evolution of social hierarchies and the influence of the class on pro-sociality. The following three chapters are empirical papers, developed from three databases collected in 2012-2013 and 2018-2019. In the third chapter, we took a step back and checked whether economic games have inter-situational and external validity. For this, we conducted the Public Goods Game, the Dictator Game, self-report scales and made behavioral observations. The results indicate that it is necessary to be cautious before inferring any prosocial phenotype to the individual from the outcomes of the games. The fourth chapter brings the status stratification. Through three studies, we assessed the association between different status measures and social contexts. The results showed that these two variables moderated the class differentiation, suggesting that it is not a simple and universal association. The fifth chapter focuses on a single criterion of individual status: parental education. Through two studies we suggest that parental education and children's prosociality are also associated in a complex way. In general, the empirical studies contribute to the discussion about prosociality in children and indicate that people from different classes do not necessarily have different prosocial preferences, but vary according to the behavior being investigated, the context involved and the adopted status criteria. As far as we know, these are the first Brazilian studies to investigate the association between children's status and prosociality through multi-methods. Finally, the sixth chapter summarizes some collaboration and extension activities carried out throughout the doctorate.