Determination of the complexation efficiency and cytotoxic evaluation of inclusion complexes containing fixed oil of Euterpe oleracea Martius.
vegetable oil; Euterpe oleracea ; inclusion complexes; complexation efficiency; cytotoxicity.
Açaí fixed oil ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has significant potential for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food applications due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive compounds. However, its lipophilic nature limits its dispersibility in aqueous media and may compromise its stability under environmental conditions. In this context, the present study aimed to develop and characterize inclusion complexes containing açaí fixed oil (AFO) and cyclodextrins in order to improve its physicochemical properties without compromising biocompatibility. Inclusion complexes were prepared using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) through kneading and slurry methods. The chemical composition of the oil was evaluated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while the complexes were characterized by complexation efficiency, water dispersibility, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Biological activity was assessed through Alamar Blue and MTT cytotoxicity assays using MRC-5, HeLa, and L929 cell lines. The results demonstrated that both the preparation method and the cyclodextrin type significantly influenced complexation efficiency, with slurry-derived systems outperforming those obtained by kneading. Complexes containing HP-β-CD exhibited the highest complexation efficiency and dispersibility values, particularly the AFO-HPβ-S formulation. FTIR analyses suggested the establishment of non-covalent supramolecular interactions between the oil and cyclodextrins, with no evidence of structural chemical modifications. Biological assays demonstrated low cytotoxicity for both the free oil and the inclusion complexes under the evaluated conditions, indicating that the complexation process did not compromise cell viability. Overall, the results demonstrate that complexation of açaí fixed oil with HP-β-CD represents a promising strategy to improve its dispersibility in aqueous media while maintaining a favorable biocompatibility profile. Furthermore, this study expands current knowledge regarding the encapsulation of fixed oils in cyclodextrins, a field that remains relatively underexplored in the scientific literature.