Halloysite (Hal) is a clay mineral with the possibility of application in various areas of industry, mainly due to its tubular morphology. The use of this material as an adsorbent in the process of removing medications, such as tetracycline, and for removing synthetic dyes, such as congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous medium, is considered a efficient, non-toxic method of low cost. The use of Hal to rebate dyes proved to be economically and environmentally viable for industrial application. In this work, the characterization of this material, in its natural form (HAL) after acid treatment (HAL-A), was carried out using the techniques of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microscopy scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray excited photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 adsorption/desorption. TEM analyzes showed the formation of nanotubes measuring 60 to 600 nm in length and the adsorption/desorption of N2 indicated that the clay mineral is mesoporous with a surface area of 38.10 m2.g-1 for HAL-A. Several kinetic and equilibrium models were applied to obtain the adsorption mechanism. Fitting the experimental data to the pseudo-second order (R2 >) kinetic model indicated that the mechanism for this process is based on chemisorption for both adsorbates. The maximum tetracycline adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm (R2 = 0.9909) was 4.08 mg.g-1 for HAL-A. The removal capacity of the study drug reached 92% with HAL and 98% with HAL-A. The adsorbent also showed the potential to remove CR (> 98%) and MB (> 85%) in 180 min, using 0.3 g of adsorbent and an initial dye concentration of 250 mg.L-1. The clay mineral halloysite showed high efficiency as an adsorbent material for the removal of both dyes and the drug tetracycline, standing out for being a natural, low-cost and environmentally friendly material.