Due to environmental concerns, several researches emerge in the search for energy alternatives to the use of fossil fuels. Among the possibilities, there is biodiesel, which allows the reduction of the use of diesel, contributing to the mitigation of environmental impacts, as it is a natural and renewable source. This work proposed a greener and more sustainable process for the production of biodiesel from residual cooking oil (OCR), using catalysts from natural and/or residual sources, from the ash of banana peels (BPC) and tangerine (TPC), in addition to sodium and potassium silicates (SPS) originating from beach sand. At the end of the residue recovery cycle, acetins were synthesized from the residual glycerol produced in the transesterification reaction. The catalysts produced were characterized through the techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), desorption at programmed temperature of CO2 (TPD-CO2) and analysis by the method deconvolution of the DTG and TPD-CO2   curves. The biodiesel produced was characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR 1H and 13C), TG/DTG using the deconvolution method on the DTG curves, density at 20 °C, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C and acidity. In order to better evaluate the yield of the reactions to obtain biodiesel from OCR with the catalysts, variations were applied in the following synthesis parameters: time (3-9h), catalyst concentration (2.5-10%) and alcohol/ oil (A/O) (9:1-18:1). The solid materials BPC and TPC presented a majority composition of potassium carbonate, and in the SPS it was found mainly potassium silicate and sodium silicate. The TPD-CO2 analyzes indicated a greater amount of basic sites in the SPS and BPC materials, with forces in the moderate to strong range. In the case of the TPC catalyst, the presence of weak sites was observed. The OCR biodiesel formed with the catalysts TPC, SPS and BPC showed conversions of 91.3%, 93.9% and 90.9%, respectively. Glycerol was converted into acetins using catalysts based on transition metal oxides. The 13C NMR spectra confirmed the synthesis by identifying the acetate carbonyl peaks present in the synthesized acetins. Therefore, in this work, the production of biodiesel was developed from a more environmentally friendly process, due to the use of green catalysts, residual cooking oil and obtaining products derived from residual glycerol.