Banca de DEFESA: PRISCILLA RAMOS CRUZ

Uma banca de DEFESA de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : PRISCILLA RAMOS CRUZ
DATE: 30/07/2021
TIME: 13:30
LOCAL: Online
TITLE:

More than species aggregations: the importance of biodiversity facets in natural and anthropogenic contexts for marine ecology and fisheries

KEY WORDS:

Biodiversity Dimensions; Anthropogenic Changes; Functional Attributes; Species; Ecological Functions

PAGES: 142
BIG AREA: Ciências Biológicas
AREA: Ecologia
SUMMARY:

      The facets of biodiversity (i.e., taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) are essential to ascertain the functioning and changes in ecosystems. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) to understand how studies with facets developed in Ecology; 2) how the facets relate to each other and respond to different forms of anthropogenic impacts; 3) changing your patterns over time. In chapter 1, we assess the development of studies aimed at functional and phylogenetic diversity in Ecology. There was a predominance of terrestrial environments with plants and incipience for aquatic environments and vertebrate organisms, both in temperate and tropical regions. This is the area that has developed the most in Ecology in recent years. In the second chapter, we investigate the effects of commercial fishing (i.e., artisanal and industrial) on the taxonomic and functional composition of Brazilian fish. Seven attributes with ecological and fishing importance were adopted to estimate fish richness, divergence and functional evenness. As fishing descriptor variables, total annual catches and the diversity of industrial fishing methods were used. Taxonomic richness and evenness were also used as predictors of functional diversity and as responses to fishing. Through structural equation models (SEMs), different types of association between all predictor and response variables were verified. Thus, we observed that in artisanal fishing, the variable most sensitive to decreases promoted by the increase in catches and increases in taxonomic evenness or richness was functional divergence. This indicates that the capture of a greater number of species in this modality may be causing the obtainment of species closer to each other, which has come to dominate the composition, reducing the functional diversity of the fish. On the other hand, catches also increased functional evenness, making this the variable most positively associated with fishing. While functional richness was not directly related to fishing, it responded strongly to taxonomic richness. In industrial fishing, the diversity of methods provided increases in divergence and functional evenness, while the catches acted in the opposite direction, showing that the increase in catches tends to result in a lower occurrence of dissimilar species, similarly to what occurs in fishing handmade. While the diversity of methods, amplifies the effects of fishing, resulting in obtaining a more diverse and less dominant fish. In chapter 3, an analysis of the beta-functional and taxonomic diversities of the Brazilian marine fish was carried out, in order to identify the phenomenon of homogenization in the Brazilian marine fishery, through the tendency to always capture the same characteristics or species within each modality of fishing, regardless of location. As a result, we observed that industrial fishing presented greater total beta-taxonomic diversity than artisanal ones, with less richness and greater beta-taxonomic substitution, showing an unexpected symptom of homogeneity for subsistence fishing. The total beta-functional was higher for artisanal fishing, as well as the beta-functional richness, showing heterogeneity for this fishery. Beta-functional substitutions were more present in industrial fishing, confirming the hypothesis of homogenization of Brazilian fish.

BANKING MEMBERS:
Presidente - 1714892 - ADRIANO CALIMAN FERREIRA DA SILVA
Interno - 1362202 - JOSE LUIZ DE ATTAYDE
Interna - 1718747 - PRISCILA FABIANA MACEDO LOPES
Externo à Instituição - RAFAEL DETTOGNI GUARIENTO - UFMS
Externo à Instituição - ROSEMBERG FERNANDES DE MENEZES - UFPB