Conservation, Fragmentation and Restoration of the Caatinga Biome
Caatinga, landscape structure, conservation, fragmentation, restoration, deforestation
The Caatinga Biome is distributed over 826,411 km2 of the Brazilian Northeast and, among the bioclimatically similar regions, is the most diverse one. Although significant advances have occurred in recent years, the Caatinga remains the least known Brazilian biome in terms of its biodiversity and conservation status of its remnants. The filling of this gap is urgent, since the Biome already has approximately 50% of deforested areas and the rest is under heavy pressure by extraction of firewood, livestock, hunting, mining, among others. These facts, coupled with the low representativeness of the Caatinga in Conservation Units threaten the biological resources of the Biome, making urgent the studies that guide and expedite the conservation actions. The adoption of conservation strategies based on the structural characteristics of the landscape has generated usuful results, guiding field surveys and public environmental policies. The objective of this study is to increment, based on analysis of the landscape structure, the knowledge about the Biome conservation and fragmentation state, allowing the identification of the most relevant areas for the maintenance and restoration of the original biota. In addition, we compared the loss of habitat of the priorities areas, recognized in national public policies, for conservation, sustainable use and benefit sharing in brazilian biomes, identifying the success factors of these policies and suggesting a mechanism that allows the expansion of the Protected Areas system in the Caatinga.