The present research proposal aims to apprehend the fundamentals of the Teaching in Service concept and its relationship with the training of social workers in UFRN's Multiprofessional Health Residency Programs. In this way, the expression of Teaching in Service refers to training through work that assumes technical, pragmatic and lightened tendencies, expressing itself, therefore, as one of the inflections of the neoliberal project in public higher education. From these initial approximations, we start from the assumption that the concept of Teaching in Service that underlies the Multiprofessional Residency in Health programs is presented as one of the forms of separation between manual and intellectual work. The research methodology is based on the historical-dialectical materialist method and the bibliographic review, document analysis and questionnaire will be used as methodological resources, which will be carried out with social workers from the UFRN Multiprofessional Health Residency Programs, in order to learn their conceptions about in-service education and the residency's contributions to professional training. In general, we can infer that the concept of in-service teaching has a contradictory and complex form in the training of social workers in these programs, which indicates the existence of differences between the particular training projects in the area of social work and the trends of training at the Multiprofessional Residency, raising the following research question: what are the ideo-political and theoretical-methodological foundations of the concept of Teaching in Service and its repercussions for the formation of the Residency in Social Work? Thus, we hope to contribute to the debate about Health Residencies, given the theoretical gaps arising from the little discussion about the concept of Teaching in Service that guides Multiprofessional Residency programs and the insertion of social workers in this context, at the same time which intends to deepen the debate on this topic in the academy and in the organization spaces of the category.