The analysis of the Social Work profession cannot be carried out separately from the macrostructural elements that are revealed in the present marked by the convergence between a capitalist crisis of a structural nature and the health crisis resulting from Covid-19. Crises are the nature of capitalism, but they carry with them a way of being based on the particularities of historical moments and national realities. If it is true that the profession of Social Work, analyzed in light of critical theoretical-methodological foundations, is not separated from societal transformations, the convergence of crises that are occurring in the contemporary world greatly determines professional practice in the most diverse socio-occupational spaces. In this sense, the dissertation presented here has as its central objective to analyze the structural crisis of capital in its relationship with the global health crisis and the repercussions for the professional work of social workers who labour in the highly complex services of the SUS in the city of Natal/RN. This is research with a quantitative-qualitative approach, based on the critical dialectical method developed through bibliographical research and documentary survey based on the analysis of complaints received by the Comissão de Orientação e Fiscalização (COFI) of the Conselho Regional de Serviço Social da 14ª Região (CRESS/RN) and the meeting minutes of this organization. Furthermore, the activity reports of the aforementioned committee and the bulletins issued on the CRESS/RN website were also analyzed. Regarding the results obtained, we highlight that, in the spectrum that forms a “new morphology of work” in Social Work, the expressions of flexibilization and precariousness of professional work stand out, with informality and outsourcing still not being a rule for the absorption of the workforce of social workers present in health services, although it is necessary to highlight informality and outsourcing as existing features that we point out as a trend in health services. Furthermore, the pandemic accelerates processes that already exist in daily professional health policy, such as the massive use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), which we consider a crucial expression of the new morphology of work, materialized in the home office format, teleworking, filling out spreadsheets, records in health information systems and electronic medical records. The crisis scenario is also a fertile ground for appealing to institutional requests that are not supported in the field of professional duties and skills, though this has already been a part of the workers routine for some time. This is a demonstration of the archaic elements that are revived in this historical period, in fact, elements that have not been completely overcome either by employing institutions or by some professional strata. This time, the new and the old merge into a composition that is reproduced on a large scale in the face of the convergence of crises. This forms a basis that imposes the defense of the quality of professional work which, as a rule, is carried out by the CFESS/CRESS Joint through guidance and supervision actions of professional practice.

The main objective of the work is to analyze patriarchal gender relations within the family as one of the determinants that act in the forced insertion of transvestites in the activity of prostitution in the municipality of Aracati, a city located on the east coast of the state of Ceará. The path taken so far begins in 2009, where there is a first approach to the topic of transvestism. This work intends to expand the investigation into the relationship between the construction of the transvestite person who prostitutes themselves in the so-called "ploc" in the city of Aracati by carrying out comparative research by re-examining the data obtained between 2009 and 2016 and comparing it with the new data obtained in 2023. Based on this, the work proposes: analyzing the socio-historical meaning of transvestite prostitution in the Brazilian context with an emphasis on the northeast region; understand the impact of prostitution on the transvestites subject to this research; describe the characteristics that surround the daily work of transvestites in prostitution in Aracati (CE); examine the way these people respond to economic and social difficulties and finally analyze the impact of the Brazilian patriarchal structure on the transvestites' blood families and the way they managed their daughters' transvestite process, from the latter's perspective. The research data is the result of a bibliographical survey and semi-structured interviews composed of a flexible script with open and closed questions where transvestites had the opportunity to express their perceptions about the themes in focus.

This dissertation aims to analyze the repercussions of the Fiscal Adjustment policy on Federal Higher Education Institutions (2015-2022) within the context of dependent and financialized capitalism. It is a study guided by the critical-dialectical method, which relied on bibliographic and documentary research, as well as the analysis of budgetary data available on the SIGABRASIL platform. Departing from the historical development of monopolistic capitalism and capitalist formation in the particularity of Brazil (dependent and peripheral), we sought to understand the counter-reform unfolding in the Brazilian state since the 1990s and continuing to the present day, as well as the Fiscal Adjustment policy, the main mechanism for appropriating public resources. In this scenario, marked by "reforms" and the dispute over the Public Fund, social expenditures are the first to suffer restrictions, which directly impacts social policies, dismantling previously acquired rights, promoting the cancellation of programs and projects in various areas, precariousness of labor relations, and complicating expressions of the Social Question. In this research, we seek to identify how this movement impacted Higher Education, considering the historical particularities of both our object and our temporal framework – which was mainly marked by the deepening of fiscal austerity policy through Constitutional Amendment No. 95 of 2016, as well as the expansion of conservative and privatist projects in Education. The study pointed out that during the Temer and Bolsonaro administrations, there was an intensification of the process of dismantling public Education, so that the implications of the movement incorporating the Fiscal Adjustment Policy were not limited to the financial scope. It was possible to observe that, during the analyzed period, public Education suffered not only budgetary reductions but also ideological attacks, strongly aligned with the autocratic project of bourgeois domination. In Higher Education, beyond the intensification of privatization, interventions, and resource atrophy, we also perceive the use of budgetary limitation as a coercive and punitive measure for Federal Higher Education Institutions, aiming, among other things, to garner support for ongoing counter-reforms. We conclude, in this sense, that the interventions carried out by the Temer and Bolsonaro governments engender the market-oriented scope typical of a subservient-mercantile conception, which not only subjects public Education policy to market dictates but also imposes neoliberal logic on all instances of life.

In today's society, studying and researching the condition imposed by the capital society on people with disabilities is a challenge due to the countless capacity barriers that have been built and consolidated historically. Along these lines, most of the research on this group tends to analyze access to education, health, and work from an economic perspective. However, in the present work, we go beyond this, because our object of study clearly presents color and race: we propose to study black women with disabilities, through the consubstantial perspective, analyzing the access to the exercise of their sexual and reproductive rights. Thus, the study now presented aims to investigate the reality experienced by this group, we highlight, therefore, as a general objective. The specific objectives are to investigate how patriarchal gender relations interfere in the exercise of these rights, to analyze how structural racism has historically been a determining factor in the access to the full exercise of rights, and to analyze the policies of the State regarding sexual and reproductive rights for women in Brazil. The approach of the author with this theme is a result of her process as a resident social worker, whose research carried out during this period served as a guide to continue the study in order to further the debate within Social Work. In this sense, this research is qualitative in nature, through the collection of data from documentary and bibliographic analysis in physical and virtual media. It is important to emphasize that the research and data disseminated from videos, lectures through recognized channels such as the Observatory of Inequalities, and the CFESS' own channel on the youtube platform, which promoted extremely important online debates for the category and scientific community during the pandemic period, will also serve as study material. We will also search for and access the publications of the CFESS-CRESS group, which have been producing and socializing extremely relevant information about the debate on disability within the Social Service. In addition, we will search for productions coming from feminist collectives engaged in the anti-capacity struggle, such as the Hellen Keller Collective, which has already been gaining prominence in this aspect by sharing primers, among other materials for the advancement of the debate. Thus, we will also analyze theses and dissertations concerning the theme, especially those published in repositories of the federal public universities, as well as articles and books written both within Social Work, performing, for this, the due critical mediations, considering that the debate on disability is also held by other areas of knowledge. It is important to point out that, regarding the survey of academic productions, we will establish a time frame for the works carried out between the years 2017 and 2023 in the platforms of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (ScieELO) and Google Scholar (Scholar Google). This time frame was chosen due to the numerous offensives and setbacks in the field of human rights carried out by conservative governments fully aligned with neoliberal precepts. Finally, after all the research movement and the apprehension of the literature produced so far, the evaluation of the data will be carried out based on the assumptions of the critical dialectic method, since it starts from the concrete thought seeking to understand the dynamics of social reality.

This study investigates the offer of undergraduate courses in social work by educational conglomerates in the Northeast region. Its objectives are to understand the political-economic and socio-cultural determinations that have led to the incorporation of courses into the dynamics of the financialization of higher education, to analyze the impact of this process on the particularities of Brazil and the Northeast, and on professional training in social work. Our thesis is that the educational groups see social work courses as a field of profitability for capital, according to the logic of financialization, and, at the same time, an area for training a new intellectual profile according to the concept of flexible pedagogy, an ideocultural strategy for conforming the working class to the conditions of work degradation and dehumanization in the current stage of contemporary capitalism. This is a bibliographical and documentary study, guided by Marx's method, in which categories such as "work", "education", "state", "imperialism", "crisis", "financialization" and "regional issue" were addressed. The material analyzed consisted of official documents (MEC, INEP, FNDE, CAPES, CNPQ, IBGE, PNAD, TCU, CVM), those of private companies and multilateral agencies (B3, IMF, OECD, UNESCO) and those of working class and social service organizations (ANDES, ABEPSS, CFESS). The research universe was made up of publicly traded educational groups offering social work courses in the Northeast and the sample was concentrated on the five groups listed on B3: Cogna, Yduqs, Ânima, Ser Educacional and Cruzeiro do Sul, from 2002 to 2022. The results of the research show that the educational groups have led to the transformation of higher education, with a tendency to push for the reconfiguration of professional training in the region, according to the modus operandi of rentierism and the values of corporate management. This implies the creation, strengthening and reproduction of a professional culture opposed to the professional ethical-political project, based on pragmatic and technicist theoretical-political tendencies and low reflective density. Against this dynamic, this reality demands that the category, aligned with the hegemonic ethical-political project and the societal project of the working class, strengthen strategies aimed at a counter-hegemonic training
process, attuned to emancipatory values.

The Social Assistance Policy – PNAS is a social right enshrined in the Brazilian Federal Constitution and, as a public policy, it must serve those who need it, providing Services, Programs, Projects and Benefits. It is also a privileged socio-occupational space for the Social Work professional practice. Considering, Brazil's current situation, despite the intensification of the capital crisis, Social Assistance faces challenges for materialization, that passes through funding to the services provided in the day-to-day activities of the social assistance equipment, responsible for its operationalization throughout the country. In the case of Natal-RN, there have been important modifications since the public tender held in 2016 - a year that coincides with the new type of coup and the consequences for the situation until 2022, which also involves the destruction of social protection mechanisms by extreme far right governments at national and local level. Thus, we were concerned to unveil this reality based on an understanding about Brazilian state, which, given its class protagonism and its impositions - crossed and mediated by metamorphoses in the world of work, permanent fiscal adjustment and social deprotection - demand the need to grasp the ideopolitical determinations that cross, affect and profile the daily work in Basic Social Protection – SUAS, Natal – RN. In this sense, the thesis general goal is to analyze the impacts of the PNAS ideopolitical guidelines on the Basic Social Protection in Natal – RN. The specific goals are to analyze the socio-economic determinants of Brazil's post-coup situation and their impact on the Social Assistance Policy; to investigate the socio-historical processes of the Social Assistance Policy in Natal and to identify the tendencies imposed to the PSB and how they reverberate in the SUAS consolidation in Natal-RN. We opted for the historical-dialectical materialist theoretical-methodological framework, to capture, in the reality movement, the contradictions and mediations that interrelates the object from perspective of totality. Like this, we proceed a qualitative, bibliographical and documentary approach. In addition to the Social Work critical references, the notes and technical guidelines, legislation, reports extracted from electronic systems, the SUAS WEB database and the day-to-day experience of professional practice in SUAS, constitute the research environment. As a result of this research, we pointed ideopolitical tendencies that highlight the alignment at the local level with national guidelines on how to manage the Social Assistance Policy; the ideopolitical option to dismantle the composition of the SUAS in the municipality and the exhaustion of the workforce that culminates in dismantling and “suffocation” as characteristics of the PSB in Natal-RN, persisting the need to defend the consolidation of Social Assistance in the potiguar capital. 

This research project seeks to apprehend the expressions of the (new) morphology of the work of Social Work at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) in the context of ultra-neoliberalism and the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, with the delimitation of the 2016-2020 quinquennium. We will use critical social theory as the guiding principle of the approach, seeking to perceive social processes based on their historicity and dynamics, through successive approaches to reveal the essence of the object. Therefore, we will carry out a quantitative-qualitative research, through a permanent literature review, bibliographical and documentary research, as well as a semi-structured interview, sent online, with the social workers who make up the IFRN framework. In order to go deeper into the issues, we will carry out a focus group, with a sample of 30% of the total, online, in order to have a more interactive dialogue with professionals. We emphasize that the set of transformations that have taken place in capitalism and in the world of work have a major impact on professional work, with new redesigns in the various occupational spaces, especially in light of the new coronavirus pandemic scenario. Thus, it is expected that the study will contribute to discussions on the Fundamentals of Social Work, through considerations about professional work in education, providing opportunities for the expansion of existing debates, in addition to bringing the analysis of new elements that involve the object. 

The dissertation presented here conducts a research on the impacts of the fiscal adjustment to the VI National Postgraduate Plan (PNPG), as well as its repercussions on the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) with regard to the context of postgraduate studies. This work has as specific objectives the following discursive elements: carry out a literature review on fiscal adjustment, science and technology and graduate studies; identify the impacts of the fiscal adjustment in the post-graduate context, considering the macroeconomic analysis based on the document analysis of data extracted from the Center for Society, University and Science Studies (SoU_Ciência), Pluriannual Plan (PPA) and Siga Brasil; and, finally, to analyze the UFRN budgets in the face of the counter-reform processes regarding postgraduate studies. In order for the results to be achieved, the research used a documentary and bibliographical survey in the light of historical-dialectical materialism, of a quantitative and qualitative nature, considering the perspective of totality when analyzing the information obtained. Thus, the results indicate that the impacts of the fiscal adjustment directly affect postgraduate policy in Brazil, especially in the functioning of public universities in the country, as is the case of UFRN.

This research has as general objective to analyze the two main political strategies in dispute in the Brazilian left: the democratic-popular one and the socialist strategy. The perspective is to identify which conception of the LGBTI+ movement each one presents. For this, we will seek: 1. historicizing the emergence of these strategies: their programmatic elements, highlighting limits or possibilities of realization in the particularities of the dependent capitalist Brazilian reality; 2. analyze the existing relations between the political party and the LGBTI+ movement with regard to the social direction that it aligns itself in the political scene; 3. analyze which conception of the LGBTI+ movement is presented by the organizations surveyed, linked to the PT and the PCB and their respective strategies. The methodological procedure adopted refers to document analysis, in which we will analyze the following axes: conception of diversity, conception of socialism, class independence/autonomy and political insertion and interaction with the LGBTI+ movement. The period analyzed will be 2017/2021, post-coup period to the current situation. Considering the progress of the research, we have at the moment the following results: there are several similarities between the democratic-national strategy and the democratic-popular strategy that demonstrate the impossibility of carrying out the latter, as it is defended, in the Brazilian reality; the relations between political party and social movement must be understood because both contribute to strengthening the class political organization and to the deepening of themes and dimensions related to human diversity. The research results may contribute to the organization of the working class, with a view to reflecting on as has been the historical incorporation of human diversity in the political strategies of the Brazilian left.

This dissertation aims to investigate the impacts of patriarchy, which unfold on the life and professional performance of women civil engineers, installed in teaching at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). To this end, we use the critical social theory approach as a methodological subsidy to support the referred research. The elaborate study has a qualitative character, based on the assumption that in this way, we can better analyze non-quantifiable social phenomena. The methodological route chosen for the elaboration of this dissertation consisted of research and bibliographic review, which permeated the entire research process; An analysis of various documents, available on the internet, was also carried out, with the aim of capturing and analyzing the speeches of other women, inserted in Civil Engineering, in different segments; and also, the semi-structured interview technique, with previously established questions, with the purpose of guiding the dialogue, with 03 (three) women, with training in Civil Engineering, currently inserted in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering - DECAM/UFRN. We showed that women were removed from different spheres of the public sphere and destined, for a long time, to activities in the private sphere, as a result of the emergence and rooting of patriarchal gender relations, aggravated in the capitalist/racist context. Education is, therefore, one of the spaces historically denied to women. Female work is marked by exclusion and devaluation, both in the productive sphere and in the reproductive sphere. The latter, which can occur both in the public and private sphere, is marked by gendered and racialized exploitation. Activities, socially considered as masculine, discarded, for many years, the presence of women, as is the case of Civil Engineering. However, nowadays, the number of women civil engineers has had a significant increase, both in training and in professional activities in various professional segments; which does not allow us to say that oppression and exploitation, based on gender, in these spaces, has dissipated. Thus, with this research, we intend to reveal the impacts of patriarchal gender relations, which permeate the daily lives of women, in teaching activities, in the Civil Engineering course - UFRN.

This research analyzes the experience of social workers who used the participation and strengthening of social control of the Unified Health System (SUS) as a central mediation to provide answers to the real needs of users of the SUS in Natal in the context of facing COVID-19 in the years 2020 and 2021. The central object was to problematize social participation as a collective strategy adopted by social workers working in the Emergency Care Units (UPAs) and other institutions that make up the Urgency and Emergency Network (RUE) of the Municipal Health Secretary of Natal/RN (SMS/Natal) to confront COVID-19 in the reality of Natal/RN. The general objective was to map and give visibility to the main strategies and mediations adopted by social workers in the UPAS of the city of Natal in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, who articulated with the instances of social participation and social control of the social security system, and also articulated with social and popular movements; Systematize and give visibility to the main demands and respective responses that required articulation with the Municipal Health Council of Natal (CMS/Natal), as a collective subject of rights as a condition to enhance the effectiveness of health as a right of all and duty of the State; Reflect on the challenges faced by social workers in the UPAS of Natal. Based on the critical social theory, the methodological procedures used were: Literature review, document analysis and field research through the focus group methodology, whose information collection was preceded by free and informed consent of the participants. We verified that the articulations made by social workers with the CMS/Natal and the Movement of the Homeless Population (MPOPR/RN) resulted in joint action with the Council of Social Assistance of Natal/RN (CMAS-Natal), conquering the structuring of institutional responses of collective order, especially the construction of service protocols with a view to integral attention to the population that uses the SUS, among which is the speed of services for funeral and burial assistance as a citizenship right. We conclude that the experience of articulation of the Social Service team of UPA Oeste, with the instances of social control and with MPOPR/RN, was fundamental to ensure effective intersectoral articulation between SUS, SUAS and the System of Rights Assurance, including the Public Ministry, Judiciary, registry offices, This resulted in the implementation of flows, routines, and protocols capable of overcoming the mere adoption of case-by-case responses, advancing toward institutionalized responses of a collective order covering all citizens in the same situation. This is the reason why we characterize it as a successful experience having social participation as the central measure, as recommended by the Parameters of Professional Action for Social Workers.

The research presented here develops a discussion about the homeless population in capitalism. The objective is to analyze the aforementioned population phenomenon and its relationship with the process of capital accumulation, based on the work Capital by Karl Marx. Specifically, this dissertation seeks to: I) problematize the process of capitalist accumulation associated with the process of economic exploitation; II) investigate the origin and functionality of the relative overpopulation or industrial reserve army; and III) analyze the homeless population in the Brazilian territory, highlighting particularities of the phenomenon in Natal/RN. Faced with the need to apprehend the essence of the object of study and achieve the stated purposes, this research was guided by the dialectical-critical method and is constituted as a theoretical research of a qualitative nature, subsidized by techniques of bibliographic survey and documentary research. It should be noted that the proposed incursion was based on the development and theoretical foundation of the work Capital, especially chapters 23 and 24 of book I – The general law of capitalist accumulation and The so-called primitive accumulation, respectively. However, the importance of other chapters present in Book I and Book III of that work is not minimized. The research results point to an intrinsic relationship between the capitalist mode of production and the homeless population, because it is a phenomenon that comes from the working mass that is relatively superfluous to the needs of capital. Relative overpopulation is considered functional to the process of capitalist accumulation and, for this reason, it is possible to observe its uninterrupted production since the stage of primitive accumulation of capital, when capitalism was structured at the expense of direct producers – expropriated of their lands and means of production. subsistence and forcibly thrown into the salaried system for the sale of their own labor power. The incompatibility between the number of manpower able to be sold and jobs available to absorb workers was analyzed as the spur to the generalization of pauperism and accelerated reproduction of the homeless population. The population phenomenon analyzed in this research, part of the relative overpopulation, is found mostly in the sphere of the lumpenproletariat and in the stagnant layer. In view of this, the sale of the workforce of the homeless population is faced with misfortunes and is seen, most of the time, restricted to the possibilities of precarious work and the practice of begging, since the insertion of people who use the street as a place to live and support in the formal job market is negligible.

The professional work carried out by Social Workers inserted in the field of mental health, as an object of study, has increasingly become an essential and urgent need for problematization in the academic field and in daily professional life. The apprehension of the particularities that involve this professional insertion becomes relevant in several aspects, because from this reflection it is possible to understand the limits, challenges and possibilities experienced in the socio-occupational spaces that these professionals are inserted in.). Connected to this problematization, it is important to reflect on the competences and professional attributions that are performed by this professional category, which makes it essential for the process of production and reproduction of social relations in the sociability of capital, considering the repercussions in the context of the new morphology of work. From this perspective, the study aimed to analyze the competences and attributions of Social Workers carried out at work within the scope of the mental health policy in the city of Natal/RN in order to apprehend the challenges posed by the new morphology of work. Its locus of study was the devices of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) in the city of Natal/RN, which has Social Workers in its professional staff. The research had a methodological approach of the quantitative and qualitative type, it was based on the dialectic-critical method and developed in three specific stages: the literature review, documental and field research. With this production, the main results were the need for a theoretical-conceptual deepening of the professionals about the proposed problematizations, including the sharpness in the distinction between professional competences and private attributions; particularities in mental health; elements of convergence between the ideas of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform and the foundations of the Ethical-Political Project of Social Work and on the new morphology of work. Through this research, reflection was also raised on the importance of producing knowledge related to suffering and/or psychosocial illness within the scope of the sociability of capital, given that this process of illness presents complex and multifaceted determinations, which reflect on the materiality and in people's subjectivity and result in physical and/or psychosocial illnesses.

The research that gave structure to this dissertation has as its central objective to analyze the process of sexual division of politics in the Settlements in the Alto Sertão Paraibano, based on the participation of women in the struggle for land in Brazil. We propose a historical review since the 1960s and the contemporary debate on the Brazilian agrarian struggle and the particularities of the northeast region; in which we analyze the process of formation of settlements in the Alto Sertão Paraibano with the presence of women who built stories of resistance, imbued with stubbornness, resisting in collective organizations defending gender equality, in the fight for a free land. The text also presents the debate on critical and left-wing feminism in the Marxist field, with the intensification of the category of peasant and popular feminism, which has been constructed based on the reality of peasant women. The discourse starts from the analysis of theoretical categories such as patriarchy, patriarchal gender relations, sexual division of labor and politics, as they are fundamental for understanding the socio-historical, economic and political divisions of inequalities between the sexes. As a methodology, we present a study based on the dialectical method, supported by investigation, field and bibliographical research and field observation, with a qualitative approach. The field research was carried out through semi-structured interviews, with open questions with 05 (five) settled women who participated in the entire struggle process of the Nova Vida I Settlement, located in the municipality of Aparecida-PB, in the Alto Sertão Paraibano. The research identified that women's political participation is affected by their interdiction in decision-making and power spaces, as a result of the unequal sexual division of politics that continues to strengthen the confinement of women in the domestic space. The research also presents the challenge of thinking about the political organization of peasant women based on the principle of self-organization in autonomous movements, as a way of confronting the subjection caused by mixed organizations such as underrepresentation and functions directed by sex.

The prohibitionism may be understood as a set of conventions and legislations that guide the action of the states in terms of determined drugs, understood here as psychoactive substances shown in the illegality. However, this goes beyond because it changes the other possible ways of relating such substances, making them essentially negative to the society. The reasons for its consolidation present several nuances that pass by political, economic and moral issues. Although the United States is the main responsible by the militarized face of the prohibitionism, since the so called “war on drugs”, they are national laws that make this ideology a rare case of world consensus, with the exceptions that don´t escape to the resistances and the socio-historical correlations of each country. Among the researchers, the term drug comes to be used to denominate the substances able to act over the central nervous system. Among the researchers, this term possibly came from the dutch “droog”, which meant dry products. Anthropological studies have shown the value of the use of such substances during the history of the humanity, being used in curative, ritualistic and eating processes. Since the moment that the merchandise becomes the fundamental element from the capitalist mode of production, everything tends to become such as, thus this happened with the drugs that became to be part of their circuits. The reach of the prohibitionist policies comes to be constantly questioned because the enlargement of the trade of drugs has not been reciprocated to the central objectives. Nevertheless, these policies became as a volatile way to criminalize determined social groups and intensify the policies of penal control and of combating them. Beyond these state coercive forces, other phenomena intertwine to this issue, in order to know: the dispute by the command of the territories such as the commerce, passage and the circulation of drugs. It is in this point that it presents itself to the possible particularity of the northeast region of Brazil. It stands out that the fundamentals for this research came from the critics of the political economy. In terms of the strategies of investigation, bibliographic research was performed, whose objective was to synthesize the aspects related to the issue of drugs, to the place of the drugs and the possible particularities of the war against the drugs and the documental research, prioritizing the analysis of the Atlas da Violência e do Anuário Brasileiro de Segurança Pública in the years of 2017 to 2022. This choice had as a criterion the raise of the number of homicides in the northeast region, being these ones, in a large measure associated to the traffic of drugs. It is pointed preliminarily, for the existence of regional particularities in terms of the strategic geopolitical position; the disparities in terms of the social indicators and the perpetuated inequalities, that manifest themselves in multiplex expressions of the social issues; the police and punitive increment, besides the disputes by the commands of the commerce and the circulation of drugs. These disputes have become signaled as the fuse for the increase of the number of homicides in the region.

This thesis is about Preceptorship in Social Work at University Hospitals in the Northeast, run by the Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH). This is a public company regulated under private law. Transferring the management and execution of the UH's hospital facilities to EBSERH for an undetermined period of time disrupts the eminently public nature of the University and allows the private sector's logic to prevail in this scenario. Therefore, being part of a University Hospital, whose management is under the responsibility of a company ruled by privatist logic, raises concerns and the necessity to reflect on the work of the social worker in preceptorship in an institutional setting in which care takes precedence over teaching. In this context, the general objective of this thesis is to analyze preceptorship in Social Work in the Multiprofessional Residency Programs in the Northeast region linked to the University Hospitals managed by EBSERH. It presents the following specific objectives: to map the academic-professional profile of the social workers who are preceptors in the Residency Programs of the UHs managed by EBSERH in the Northeast region; to identify the working conditions and relations of this group; and to analyze how preceptorship is developed in this space.  The research was guided by the dialectical historical materialist method. Regarding the methodology, it consists of a bibliographical review and explanatory research, addressed to 52 reference preceptors from 09 UHs, through a form with a mixed approach, made available through the google forms digital platform. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of HUOL/UFRN and by the Ethics Committees of MEAC/UFC and HUPAA - co-participating institutions that required their own committees. The participation of the 25 professionals was voluntary. The data collected was examined using the Content Analysis method. The research confirmed that preceptorship has been consolidated as a space for replicating technicist practices, as a sidelined activity due to the primacy of care over teaching in the context of the HUs. It is thus necessary to define a policy for supporting and promoting this activity, in order to encourage health education and enhance the quality of training and research integrated with care services.

The object of the present research is to discuss the commodification of higher education, its relationship with distance learning (DL), and the formation of an irregular market for undergraduate courses.  The work is methodologically based on the historical and dialectical materialism method. Its general objective is to analyze the expansion and irregular supply of extension and/or free courses and their implications for undergraduate courses in Social Work in the Northeast region. As specific objectives, the process of mercantilization of Higher Education in Brazil and its particularity in the vocational training in Social Work; characterization and analysis of the extension and/or free courses offered in Social Work in the Northeastern region; apprehension and evaluation of the position of the CFESS-CRESS group and the actions and strategies developed in face of the illegal offer of extension and/or free courses. This is a documental research based on the orientation of the Conselho Federal de Serviço Social (CFESS) "Extension and/or free courses illegally offered as undergraduate courses in Social Service"; as well as on reports about irregular courses, legal proceedings and opinion of the Ministério da Educação (MEC). Initially, the work carried out a bibliographical survey about the structural crisis from 1970 on, the productive restructuring, flexible accumulation and its implications for social policies. Next, it discussed education in the capitalist society and the placement of this right as merchandise, as well as a mechanism to train the work force for the system itself. Regarding the Brazilian reality, it covered the expansion of higher education from the governments of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) to Jair Messias Bolsonaro (2019-), especially focused on the private sector and the expansion of vacancies through distance learning.  It also delved into the analysis of the repercussions of this market perspective for Social Work, vocational training, and the precariousness of teaching. From the study it was possible to conclude that there is a maneuver to offer extension and/or free courses in an illegal way that reaches other areas of knowledge, such as Pedagogy. It was identified that the majority presence of irregular courses of Social Service in the Northeastern region.It was understood that the formation of an educational market aimed at falsifying graduation and the ease of its execution through distance learning.  Finally, the relevant articulation and development of campaigns by the CFESS-CRESS group to raise awareness about the offer of extension and/or free courses in Social Work with the objective of orienting professionals, students, and society about their existence and the imposition of one more challenge for the profession through the mercantilization of teaching that favors the precariousness of training.

The research aims to investigate the social implications resulting from the inadequate handling and disposal of solid waste regarding the living, working and organizational conditions of women collectors of recyclable materials in Brazil, with reference to those who participate in the Rede Recicla Seridó, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The objective is to analyze how patriarchal gender relations are structured in the daily lives of these recyclable material collectors, considering that women are even more exposed than men to social and economic vulnerabilities aggravated by patriarchal gender inequalities. The object analysis will be guided from dialectical historical materialism, to enable the apprehension of the aspects in their totality, from a qualitative research centered on field research, which will have as instruments of direct observation and semi-structured interviews, anchored in wide literature review concerning the theme. The intention is to unveil the object's appearances and perceive it in its concrete reality. The research questions, objectives and content of bibliographic, documentary, observation and interviews material will be dealt with content analysis techniques and procedures. The information acquired in this process resulted in the present master's dissertation, which will have the purpose of contributing to the academic and professional formation of Social Work, with society and with women collectors of recyclable materials. It is necessary to signal ways to face the difficulties related to the management of these materials, aiming to assist in the construction of a fairer society, without exploitation and domination of class, race and patriarchal gender relations, in which human well-being is above the reproduction of capital.

The present thesis aims to apprehend the movement of determinations that involve the current advance of conservatism and the "capture" of professional subjectivity in the scope of contemporary Social Work to the detriment of professional work according to the critical culture of the profession. To this end, we opted for dialectical historical materialism as a research method and prioritized as a research strategy the analysis and interpretation of bibliographic data related to this theme, based on the delimitation of 35 articles published in the annals of the XVI Brazilian Congress of Social Workers (CBAS) of the year 2019. For the analysis of the selected material, we delimited the following analytical categories: precariousness of work; professional work; ethical-political project and capital crisis. In a complementary way, we used fragments of the interviews carried out within the scope of my master's research, considering that certain issues needed to be explored in depth. The investigative path of this research, therefore, was outlined from the revisiting of interviews with social workers carried out in the years 2015/2016 as a starting point for our analyses. Our assumption is that every time conservatism advances in Brazilian society, it deepens fissures in the critical culture of Social Work, directly impacting the legitimacy, interpretation, incorporation and materiality of the ethical-political project. The research results made it possible to understand that this occurs from determinations that make up the professional work, allocated as old questions, but which assume new expressions in the current reality of expansion of ultraconservatism added to ultraneoliberalism, which are objectified as strategic outlets for capital in crisis. In addition, the deepening of the precariousness of work implied in specific ways of “capturing” professional subjectivity, through some particularities in the field of work of social workers, which were possible to identify and address: difficulties in understanding the relationship between theory and practice; fraying of the critical culture in favor of the real subsumption of professional demands to institutional demands; expansion of conservative tendencies on the ethical-political conception of the profession, which, ultimately, highlights the impacts of this conjuncture on the dimensions of the profession: theoretical-methodological, technical-operative and ethical-political. We have, therefore, an atmosphere of tension in the dispute for the social direction of the professional answers, which reflect the aggravation of the social question, the subjective difficulties of elaborating the socio-historical critique of capitalist social relations and the implications of conservatism and the crisis of capital in organization and recognition of the rights of the working class. But, if we identify that professional subjectivity is not a dome indifferent to the time of material and ideological decay, it is also not something uniform. In the confrontation between professional projects, subjectivities captured by the dominant logic and ethos and subjectivities that participate and strengthen resistance processes coexist. The ongoing regressive trend poses daily challenges to the critical culture of Brazilian Social Work in line with the defense of the economic, political and cultural interests of the working class.

This thesis reveals how precariousness is particularized within the category of motoboys, based on the conditions and working relationships of these workers in João Pessoa/PB. This study is justified according to their request in the face of capital restructuring and, more forcefully, given the expansion of ICT's and the COVID-19 pandemic. The general objective is to understand what particularizes the work of motoboys in the process of real subsumption of work to capital, with a focus on the municipality of João Pessoa/PB. Therefore, this paper specifically analyzes the process of production and social reproduction in contemporary sociability, seeking to understand it from the foundations of the general law of capitalist accumulation, to explain the relationship between precariousness and overexploitation, also considering the role that the State has assumed concerning the work of motoboys, revealing the social function of this professional category in the movement of capital rotation or social reproduction. The route carried out leads to the analysis of the conditions and working relationships of motoboys in João Pessoa/PB. To achieve the purposes, the method of dialectical historical-materialism is used, and as methodological procedures were applied the bibliographic, documentary, and empirical research, culminating in quantitative-qualitative research, of an explanatory and exploratory nature. It is argued that the political-economic adjustments corroborate the materialization of new strategies of the precariousness of work because they intensify the dependence of workers in relation to the market. The trend of the professional category of motoboys is that the updated super-exploitation presents itself as an expression of the precariousness of work, revealing itself as an expression of the social issue.

The research had as a study objective the ethical-political challenges and strategies applied by health social workers in the professional routine for the consolidation of the ethical-political project of Social Work (EPP) and had as main objective, to analyse and acknowledge ethical-political challenges and strategies applied by social workers for the consolidation of the EPP To this end, the following specific objectives were defined: to apprehend the impacts of the health privatist project in the professional exercise of the social worker and to analyse how social workers deal with and evaluate such impacts; to identify and to analyse the strategies and strengthening actions of the ethical-political project by the actions of the Social Work professionals; to identify and to analyse the theoretical-political foundation which references the social workers in the health policy. The perspective adopted for the development of the research was based on the critical-dialectical method, which establishes as main categories within the discovery of reality: the contradiction, the mediation, the historicity and the totality. Throughout the process of approaching the object, categories such as work, ethics and politics were also discussed. Based on this perspective and to achieve the objectives proposed for this investigation, a qualitative approach to the research was defined by the following approaches: bibliographic review, documentary analysis and semi-structured interview. The following criteria for inclusion in the sample were established: being a social worker with a public service exam, working in primary care at the Municipal Health Department of Maceió (Alagoas), being in full professional practice during the interview period and being not in the probationary stage. Due to the distance imposed by the coronavirus pandemic, which has been going since March 2020, only one interview was conducted in person, the others happened via Google Meet. The project was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital (OLUH) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) and the professionals signed on with the authorization to record the interviews. The interview was attended by 12 social workers, making up a percentage of 12% of the professionals working in the primary care of Maceió. The professionals were selected for the interviews by random draw and it had been, initially, opted to draw one professional per district, in which concentrate a lesser number of social workers (II, IV, VI and VIII districts) and two professionals from four district which concentrate a greater number of social workers (I, III, V and VII districts). Nevertheless, it was necessary to resize the division as consequence of the unavailability of social workers of the III sanitary district which was affected by the environmental crime caused by BRASKEM, increasing from 02 to 04 social workers from the VII sanitary district. According to the social workers, this was the territory where most people from the drowning neighborhoods were taken in. From the analyses of the speeches, it was concluded that the social workers has developed strategies for the consolidation of the ethical-political project of the Social Work in the municipality of Maceió basic health units, on account of the continuous information socialization work to the users, articulation with social workers from other health units and from other social services, the constant professional qualification and the evaluation of their practice. It can also be seen to encourage social participation in health management councils and in the groups in the units. There was an incipient articulation with other professional categories, non-governmental organizations and social movements. The principal ethical-political challenges faced and impacts suffered by social workers are national and local conjuncture which are unfavorable to the materialization of said project, in view of, the emphasis of the federal and local governments on strengthening the privatist project in the health policy, which affects the development of the professional actions related to the access and right of users, public and quality social services. It has also been checked by professionals the necessity of greater focus within the planning and the systematization of their actions, such as, greater articulation with other professional categories and with further workers whose principles resemble those defended by the critical professional project, committed by Social Work. The distance between the social workers and the professional representativity entities, it had not appeared as an issue in the speech, regardless, it is considered important the incentive of this approach aiming the strengthening the EPP. These indispensable strategies for maintaining the hegemony of the ethical-political project.

This dissertation aims to analyze the economic determinations that made possible the origins of cultural industrialization based on bibliographies that deal with the main tendencies of monopoly capitalism. Although cultural industrialization is present in the current reality of the 21st century, involving economics, politics and culture, their origin and, therefore, their study, they do not appear today. Its investigation was initiated in the 20th century by the German philosophers of the Frankfurt School, Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, with the publication of Dialectic of Enlightenment, in 1947. In this book, it appears with its own meaning under the term “cultural industry”, presenting itself, in a central way, as an expression of the advancement of instrumental reason present in the fordist technique of series production of cultural products aimed at their exchange value. The frankfurtians concern, however, was not directed to the material origins of cultural industrialization, in its constitution and development. But, fundamentally, they turned to the social effects on individuals, as a means of controlling them, manipulating them and integrating them into capitalist society, insofar as it standardizes ideas, predilections and consumption habits. Following this thought, his analytical approach oversized the control power of the “cultural industry”, showing himself to be pessimistic in relation to the possibilities of popular resistance capable of reaching an emancipatory critical reason and suppressing the domination of man by man. In this sense, it was noticed that, emphasizing the social effects of the “cultural industry”, the German philosophers were absent from analyzes that consider the structural foundation and the historical process of cultural industrialization as a process, based on the particularities and contradictions of monopoly capitalism, although they have not denied the existence of material determinations. Given this, the present investigation starts from the following question: from an analysis of economic determinations, what are the origins of cultural industrialization? As for the specific objectives, the research focused on: i) understanding the fundamentals of the economic surplus and the crisis in the transition from the competitive to the monopolistic phase; ii) analyze Fordism as a work process and produce relative added value in the constitution of cultural industrialization; and iii) investigate the functionality of cultural industrialization for the reproduction of capital, based on sales campaigns. Therefore, in the light of historical dialectical materialism, an explanatory theoretical research of bibliographic type and qualitative nature was undertaken, using bibliographies that deal with the main tendencies of monopoly capitalism. As an instrument of data collection and production, a reading guide organized in axes had been used, with application during the reflexive reading of the selected books. It was concluded that cultural industrialization was constituted in the period of classical imperialism and developed in late capitalism. Its original conditions are created in the USA and spread to Europe, especially Germany, in the 1930s. The main tendencies of its constitution and development are: i) the attempt to realize the added value contained in the merchandise, in the circulation, through a sales effort; and ii) the need for capital to control new markets. It was also identified that cultural industrialization has a duality characteristic of the contradiction between capital and labor. It therefore expresses the dialectic between the parasitism of capital, via sales campaigns, and the need for cultural consumption by workers for artistic humanistic services. Such a cultural need is not created by capital, but, before, by the productive forces of labor.

The present master’s thesis analyzed the Social Workers’ teaching work at Social Work graduation courses at public and private Higher Education Institutions in Rio Grande do Norte, considering its strategies to mantain the professional formation in line with the direction of the Profession’s Ethical-Political-Project. The Social Work teaching has been an area permeated by challenges and limits,which differenciate themselves when we consider their respective configurations, the professors’ employment relationship and the pedagogical demands that emerge at these acting places. At the Public Institutions prevails the Curricular Guidelines of Associação Brasileira de Ensino e Pesquisa em Serviço Social (ABEPSS), while in the context of some private institutions the Guidelines formulated by the Education Ministry, which have a direction that undermine the professional formation and the teaching work. Hence, our research object was the relation between the particularities of the teaching work in the professional formation for the Social Work, while private attributions of Social Workers, and the education strategies that are used to ensure the direction of the Profession’s Ethical-Political Project. The theorical-methodological approach of qualitative research was the dialectical-historical materialism which makes possible to analyze the moviments of reality and its contradictions in a perspective of totality. As to the research techniques it was performed bibliographical survey at the CAPES’s repository, semi-structured interviews and questionnaire application with eight professors from public and private higher education institutions of RN. The research results highlighted that in relation to the fundaments of the Social Work teaching and to the pedagogical fundaments, the professors pointed out the need of discussion during the graduation and the pos-graduation and the existence of courses and other initiatives tha contemplate that debate. Regarding the work conditions at the public and private HEI, they are permeated by the work overload and the precariousness of conditions and working relationship, being the latter situation experienced, especially, at the private sphere. We identified that an element common to the two acting spaces reffers to the devaluation of teaching work at higher education. Because of that, the attendance of pedagogical demands, which relate to the students, to the institution and the profession suffers from the implications of those work conditions, resulting in difficulties to the formulation of qualified answers andin accordance with the Professional Project. In that regard, the pedagogical-political strategies used by the professors of public and private higher educations institutions dialogue, however the private sphere tend to endure more difficulties to the effectuation of those strategies, which are the expression of criativity, commitment and resistance against the capitalist education’s perspective. Therefore, we reaffirm the relevance of the debate about the teaching in Social Work, in view of the current scenario of mercantilization and precariousness of higher education and the need to defend the Profession’s Ethical-Political Project in scope of the formation and the professional work. We conclude that the pedagogical-political strategies constitute as one of the ways to ensure the prfession’s social direction and the fighting for the continuity of higher education with quality and lined up to ABEPSS’s Curricular Guidelines.   

This dissertation analyzes the work of social workers in the territories of Primary Health Care (PHC). Therefore, the stud consists of the result of theoretical analyses and reflections, in addition to an empirical approach carried out with social workers from the Basic Health Units (BHU) of the municipality of Mossoró/RN, about professional work in the territories of PHC. As a level of health care, Primary Care is responsible for health services and actions related to promotion, protection, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, etc. The implementation of these services revolves around the constitution of different territories, whether in a region or municipality, which express social health needs, according to each health reality. In this logic, the territory is a category that has centrality for professional work in Primary Care, including for the work of social workers who are included in this level of health care. Therefore, we start form the assumption that the territory in PHC is a powerful space for the production of health care and the realization of social rights. Because it is a living element, dynamic, in constant movement, something that produces and reproduces social relations, a space where the expressions of the social question are passed on, we conjecture that the territory is a fundamental category for the analysis of the state of health of individuals, as well as strategic for the execution of the work of social workers in Primary Health Care. Based on this, we undertook this dissertation with the following problem in mind: how is the professional work of social workers expressed and developed in the territories of the Basic Health Units in the municipality of Mossoró/RN?. In the search for answers to this research problem, our study was methodologically developed through bibliographic, documental and field research, with a qualitative character, based on the historical-dialectical materialism. The study population was represented by fifteen social workers who work in the BHU in the urban area of Mossoró. The participation of the professionals in the study happened in two stages. In the first stage, all fifteen social workers participated by answering the questionnaire built via google forms. For the second stage, a semi-structured interview, five social workers participated, invited via non-probabilistic intentional sampling according to the answers given to the questionnaire and also according to the loco-regional division of each administrative health zone in the municipality. The data analysis happened via content analysis technique and were exposed in the course of writing this dissertation. The results of our research revealed that the work of social workers in the territories is made possible in some realities of the municipality’s PHC and in others, not. The social workers participating in this study recognize the territory as an important element for their work in PHC and seek, depending on the context, to objectify it in accordance with the particularities arising from the territories. We emphasize the existence of different expressions of the social issue that reveal themselves to the work of social workers in PHC through a wide diversity of demands and activities that are developed by the professionals in front of the territory. We conclude by reaffirming the potential that the territory holds in PHC, especially with regard to the work of social workers at this level of care, which have contributed to the realization of social rights and to the confrontation of the expressions of the social issue revealed in PHC through the social health needs existing in the territories of human life.

This study aims to analyze the black youth right to the city through the resurgence of racism in Brazil. It is based on the racial issue, and in the assumption that the actions of capital expropriation in the withdrawal of rights, in an alliance with the State, expropriate, primarily the black population, the economic and social conditions for its full development, also depriving that population of freedom. The World Charter for the Right to the City, stablishes that “all people should have the right to a city without discrimination based on gender, age, race, health conditions, income, nationality, ethnicity, immigration conditions, political, religious or sexual orientation”. However, the non-Right to the City is imprinted on the precarious conditions of housing, mobility and access to education, health, sports, culture and leisure tools. The urban issue in Brazil has a racist and segregationist character, which takes as a criterion the conditions of gender, class and race. Since 2013, from the June Journeys, we have identified the growth of the organized right wing in Brazil. This process culminated in the impeachment of President Dilma Roussef (PT) in 2016. Racism, previously veiled, started to be deliberately authorized by a white, privileged and ultra-conservative elite. This process led Jair Bolsonaro to the office of head of state, with a much broader project that combines economic ultraliberalism and political-cultural reactionism. The political project of the State under Bolsonaro's command instigates hatred towards women, towards the LGBTQI + populations, and intensify the racism in the country. The necro politics and the total dismantling of the social and labor rights of the working class are also effective. The present investigation, based on the critical dialectical method, aims to apprehend and analyze the intensification of racial inequality that affects, above all, black youth in Brazilian cities. We will also analyze the actions of the State in relation to the racial issue and the forms of resistance of black youth in confronting racism to guarantee their right to the city, through documental and bibliographic analysis of the Youth Statute (2013), of the Statute of the City (2001), the anti-crime package (2019), and documents issued by the Zumbi dos Palmares Foundation.

This paper analyzes trends in knowledge production about socio-educational measures in Postgraduate Programs in Social Work in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The study of trends aims to identify and problematize changes and permanencies in relation to a given process/object, as the information collected at different times about the same object is not identical, it represents the movement of reality and how these mediate the studied social phenomenon, of this way, signaling trends in the referred production. We sought to problematize which theoretical and methodological perspectives have been structuring this production, as well as which references, central categories, conceptions, types of research and results of these investigations. The two programs that make up the research universe were researched, namely: PPGSS of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and the Postgraduate Program in Social Rights and Social Work of the State University of Rio Grande do Norte. All master's dissertations with the theme of socio-educational measures found in the CAPES Digital Dissertation and Theses Bank were analyzed. For this purpose, a standard reading sheet was created for each work, in order to extract from their content the information relevant to the intended analysis and to have the possibility of carrying out triangulations between the data and undertaking a Quali-Quantitative approach, of this in this way, apprehending the trends of the debate on socio-educational measures in the production of the aforementioned Postgraduate Programs. The analyzes of the collected material were carried out from the theoretical-methodological perspective of historical-dialectical materialism, therefore, considering the categories of totality, contradiction and mediation. As for the collected material, we found that the productions of UFRN are registered between the years 2004 to 2013 and those referring to UERN in the years 2017 to 2019, with a greater number of defenses in the first Program, which is justified by the fact that UFRN's PPGSS is older than the UERN PPGDSSS. With regard to the results, we identified that all the productions deal with a critical aspect on the theme of socio-educational measures, the adolescent offender and the reduction of the penal age, denoting an important ethical-political position in the works. On the other hand, we verified a weakness in the theoretical-methodological rigor in most of the productions, in which gaps regarding the debate on the theory-method unit are evident, especially in older dissertations. Thus, as a trend in the set of analyzed productions, we have a deepening in the debate on the research object specifically - and correlated with the social and strategic direction of the profession - however, regarding the treatment of the intrinsic relationship between theory and method, we identified sensitive gaps.

The work presented here aimed to analyze violence against trans women during the Bolsonaro government. For this purpose, it had as specific objectives: to analyze the specificities of violence committed against Brazilian Trans women in relation to cis women; analyze the strategies and limits of policies to combat violence against the LGBTI+ population during the Bolsonaro government; identify and analyze the resistance actions of Trans women during the first two years of the Bolsonaro government. The study used a qualitative approach, constituting a documentary and bibliographic study. Among the documents analyzed are: the reports from the years 2019 and 2020 of the Gay Group of Bahia (GGB) which analyzes crimes of violence against the LGBTI+ population Brazilian; the Dossiers on murders and violence against Brazilian Transvestites and Transsexuals in the year 2019 and 2020, authored by ANTRA (National Association of Transvestites and Transsexuals); the documents (reports, ordinances, projects) of the Ministry of Women, Family and Human Rights (MMFDH), during the years 2019 and 2020, dealing with violence against the LGBTI+ population and the reports of the Brazilian Yearbook of Public Security produced during the Bolsonaro government to address violence against women. The data show that there was an increase in the number of murders of trans women in 2020 compared to 2019. We found that 78% of trans women victims of violent death are black or mixed race. While in 2020, 71.5% of transfemicide took place in public places, 54% of femicide took place in victims' homes. In 72% of the cases the aggressor of trans women was their client, but in the case of cis women, 54% of the murders took place in their homes, with their aggressor in 89.9% of the cases being their partners. Regarding the weapons used, while 55.1% of the feminicides that took place in 2020 were “blade weapons”, in the transfeminicides in the same period, firearms were used in 47% of the cases. It is therefore concluded that violence against trans women has intensified during the Bolsonaro government and that there are specificities in relation to the violence committed against cis women.

This research has as its thematic emphasis the climate crisis and the market-mediated solutions to its confrontation. Among the outputs orchestrated by the dominant sectors is the carbon credits market, whose movement focused on the commodification and financialization of nature, transforming a concrete need into a new market niche, that of environmental services. The carbon market exposes the limit of market-mediated sustainability and the fundamental contradiction of the concept of development, which in capital is synonymous with economic expansion. Thus, it is assumed here that sustainable development in capitalist sociability is structurally unreachable, since it necessarily feeds on the unsustainable relationship with nature that is reflected in social inequality, the exploitation of labor and the private appropriation of all. wealth produced. The general objective of this research is to analyze the process of financialization and commercialization of nature, from the creation of the carbon market. To this end, we define as specific objectives, analyze: how is the trading of carbon bonds between the central and developing countries; the ideological construction of green capitalism and its strategies of capital accumulation; the mediation of the Brazilian state with the carbon credit market; the productions that synthesize the international debate on the social and environmental issue and its contribution to the ideological legitimation of the environmental services market. In this way, we will analyze its genesis, consolidation, normative regulation, and the economic and ideological interests involved in the carbon credit market, also increasing Brazil's particularity. Thus, we will analyze the international and national regulatory framework, laws, resolutions, treaties and agreements, as well as the thematic productions of reports resulting from research, organs and entities such as IPCC, UNEP, MCTIC, UN, Climate Observatory, World Bank, made public, from 1970 to 2019, among others. Besides them, the productions of Brazilian social and environmental movements that deal with this theme. The theoretical basis of the work will be based on the contemporary critical productions of the Brazilian Social Work, as well as related areas, which deal with the social and environmental issues and / or transversal themes. However, we will critically dialogue with other productions, to confront perspectives of analysis of this theme. Thus, our research expresses the nature of a qualitative, bibliographical and documentary study.

The thesis presented here aims to analyze the corrective actions of the State on the structural defects of capital control, based on the theoretical formulations of István Mészáros, in his work Beyond capital: towards a theory of transition. Therefore, the investigation was carried out from a Marxian-based historical materialist and dialectical approach, and its methodological procedure was a bibliographical research of a qualitative nature, through the technique of immanent text analysis. By analyzing the historical process of capital formation and its reproductive imperatives – as a social relationship – we identify the structural determinations that characterize the system as a socio-metabolic control. The interrelationship of the fundamental constituents of this system develops contradictions, which are established in an internally fragmented way and cause an absence of unity in the material basis of social reproduction. These are present in the dissonance between production and control; production and consumption; and production and circulation, which constitute the structural defects of system control and result from the uncontrollability of capital itself. For the continuation of the movement of expanded self-reproduction of capital, the socio-metabolic system demands, in addition to the control of the material base, a domain of political command that presents itself through the modern State and requires the assignment of a relationship of dialectical reciprocity between economy and politics. The State plays an essential role in remediating structural defects in the system's control through corrective actions. We evidence that, from the structural crisis of capital, the State is required to deepen its intervention in the material base of social reproduction, corroborating the greater dependence of capital on the help of its political command. With the support of the studied theorist, we emphasize that the constitution of the capital relationship prevents the resolution of problems and contradictions resulting from structural defects in the system's control and that these can only be eliminated as a consequence of a radical social revolution, which transforms the sociometabolism of way to surpass the capital. This can only be achieved through extra-parliamentary action aimed at putting socialism into practice, as an alternative to capital and its system of control.

This thesis aims to analyze the insertion, relationships, working conditions and resistance processes of women workers in sewing factions in Rio Grande do Norte. Therefore, we seek to draw a profile of the women who work in the Pró-Sertão factions; know and analyze the conditions and work relationships of women linked to sewing factions in RN; analyze the repercussions of the counter-reform of the State for women who work in sewing factions; identify the resistance strategies of faction workers in the process of labor exploitation. In the context of the structural crisis of capital, given the need to restore capital, with the resumption of profit rates, an articulated strategy based on the triad was sought: productive restructuring, neoliberalism and the financialization of capital. It is noteworthy that the contemporary situation is marked by the advance of capitalism, marked by the expropriation, precariousness and intensification of exploitation of the working class as a whole. In this context, it is essential to demarcate that the oppression of women occurs with greater intensity, as a result of the consubstantiality between class, race/ethnicity and sex/gender, with the sexual division of labor. The subcontracting process, amplified by the flexible production mode, has been intensifying in Brazil and in Rio Grande do Norte it has expanded with the creation of the Textile Industry Interiorization Program, the Pró-Sertão. This program was implemented by the government of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) in 2013 – through the Secretaria de Estado do Desenvolvimento Econômico (SEDEC) – in partnership with the Federação das Indústrias do Estado do RN (FIERN) and with the Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio as Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE), with the objective of supporting the implementation of factions to provide apparel services in the upstream supply chain of large industries in the textile segment. In order to achieve the research objectives, the methodological procedures of documentary research and field research were used. The city of Parelhas-RN was chosen to carry out the interviews (7 interviews were carried out), as it was the city in the Seridó region that has the largest number of processes, according to the survey we carried out. However, during the research, we conducted an interview with a seamstress from the city of São José do Seridó due to the feasibility of access. Totaling 8 interviews. This research is based on historical-dialectical materialism, as a method and theory, with a qualitative character. To carry out the research, we obtained approval from the Research Ethics Committee. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there were several obstacles to carrying out the research, which was carried out observing the protocols for preventing contamination by the virus. The research showed that violations of labor rights in sewing factions in RN, linked to Pró-Sertão, result from the precarious insertion of women in work, subcontractors, and the absence of combative political organization. In this sense, with regard to working conditions, it was possible to verify that there is an intense work rhythm, which reaches exhaustion; the absence in some companies of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE); mental and physical illness as a result of work and bullying, through psychological pressure on seamstresses to achieve the daily goal. The precariousness of these women's work takes place amid the intensification of the expropriation of the working class and the weakening of the combative political organization.

This dissertation proposes to discuss the phenomenon of conservatism in the production of knowledge in Social Work and its repercussions on the hegemonic social direction, built on the historical processuality of the changes operated by society and, consequently, for the professional category. Conservatism is a complex, historical phenomenon resulting from numerous social determinations. Its first expressions emerged after the context of the French Revolution, when the bourgeoisie came to power and denied its revolutionary character, becoming an eminently conservative class. The incidence of this phenomenon in the scope of Social Work occurred since its genesis, when the profession appeared to answer the State's requests, being referenced by the social doctrine of the Catholic Church. We infer, therefore, that conservatism permeated the entire theoretical-methodological trajectory, having the first attempts at questioning after the Social Service Renewal process in Brazil, through its last direction - the Rupturing Intention. The work developed here is based on the assumption that new expressions of conservatism challenge the hegemonic social direction, expressed in the professional ethical-political project, revealing new trends in the direction of the formation and work of social workers. The research is guided by the critical-dialectic method, since it allows to capture aspects of the object of study, unveiling its multiple determinations. As a source of data, we elected the annals of the National Meeting of Social Service Researchers (ENPESS), in the 2014, 2016 and 2018 editions, respectively. The choice of this empirical locus was due to the thematic diversity presented by the research subjects, as well as, for considering such emblematic periods with regard to the intensification of conservatism in different spheres of Brazilian society. The results pointed out in this work reveal that conservatism, according to the analyzed materials, has been revitalized through post-modern elaborations, which, in the perspective defended here, put into dispute the values recommended by PEPSS.
In addition, conservatism has gained ground in the scope of professional training, through proposals in the distance learning modality (EAD), making training susceptible to pragmatism and technicality. In professional practice, there is a risk of fragmented analyzes, of individual blaming of the subjects. There was consensus in the research carried out here that conservatism is presented as a dispute for the hegemonic social direction and that the discussions raised by the analyzed articles problematize it in a critical perspective.

The current situation is permeated by the resurgence of conservatism, regression of rights, counter-reforms of the state, increase in violence and intensification of exploitation / oppression to which the working class is subjected in all its diversity, especially in the case of women, blacks and the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transvestite and transsexual (LGBT) population. The historical period of capital's structural crisis already imposes, in itself, immense challenges on the lives of these subjects. However, the moment is also for the advancement of an ultraconservative and ultraneoliberal extreme right, with strong fascist and violent traits, having as one example the election of Jair Messias Bolsonaro (without party) as president of Brazil in 2018 and Donald Trump in the United States of America in 2016. The legal, media and parliamentary coup against President Dilma Roussef (PT) in 2016 accentuates class disputes and demonstrates that this world reality reaches the country with great intensity. In the same context, the data indicate that Brazil is the world champion of violent LGBT deaths, even ahead of countries in which homosexuality and gender identities are officially prohibited and punished with the death penalty. In addition, they have registered a significant increase in this violence in recent years. If we consider its regional distribution, for decades, the Northeast led this macabre Brazilian ranking. The social and historical formation of this region, indicates some particularities from the point of view of its insertion in the circuit of the Brazilian unequal development and of the culture very ingrained in machismo, which creates the figure of the so-called “northeastern male” - with courage as a defining trait and the legitimation of violence as long as it defends honor. In these lands, theoretically there would be no LGBT, given that they break with the heteropatriarchal pattern, or the so-called “male”. Thus, our objective in this work was to analyze the main expressions of violence against the LGBT population in northeastern Brazil. In methodological terms, we conducted this research: 1 - under the analysis based on the materialist-historical-dialectic method proposed by Marx; 2 - of qualitative character; 3 - having as bibliographic and documentary research as source of data, through the contribution of authors of the field of Marxism, fundamentally, as well as the data produced by the Gay Group of Bahia on deaths of LGBT in the country, by Dial 100 regarding it concerns reports on complaints regarding violence against LGBT in Brazil, and the survey of the Citizenship Map developed by the Brazilian Association of Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transvestites, Transsexuals and Intersex (ABGLT);; 4 - with the years of the coup, from 2016 to 2019, as a time frame. As a result, we point out that the main violence against LGBT in the region has the family and the State as executioners, and violent death, as its predominant expressions, whether through homicides or suicides, discrimination, physical and psychological violence, and the violation of rights through the action or omission of the State. As a synthesis, it is learned that these are times of ultraconservative and violent attack on the humanity of this population, individually and collectively, as well as on women and blacks. "We are under attack", it's time to react!

This study seeks to apprehend the particularities of the work of social workers in meeting collective demands within collective work processes within the public ministry of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (Portuguese initials- MPRN), particularly those of the Operational Support Centers to the Public Prosecutor's Office (Portuguese initials- CAOP's) The Support Centers have the purpose of advising the prosecutors in meeting the demands of the population. The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze the determinations of insertion and professional performance in the work process of meeting collective demands, within the scope of the MPRN, and its relations with the challenges to the realization of social rights and citizenship and with the new mission and new role conferred on the public ministry, from now on- MP to defend such rights from the 1988 Constitution. In order to make successive approximations to the object of study, it was necessary to use critical social theory and the critical-dialectical method, making it possible to learn universal, singular, and particular elements that surround it and thus, basing the realization of qualitative research of exploratory nature, which was preceded by bibliographic and documentary research. In this perspective, semi-structured interviews were conducted, with 05 (five) social workers working in the MPRN CAOP’s, among which 03 (three) interviews were conducted in person and 02 (two) at a distance, through video calling, because they occur after the decree of the state of public health emergency resulting from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Still, without harm to the interaction and data collection at the time of the interview. It was found that between 2018 and 2019, the Social Service in the CAOP'S of the MPRN, met more collective demands than individual ones – 68% collective and 32% individual, revealing that social workers have been acting mainly in meeting collective demands, although there is still a considerable number of individual demands. It is concluded that the centrality of work in collective demands is in line with the redirection of the role and action of the MP in the defense of social rights and implementation of public policies, including the expanded conception of the set of social rights and policies that involves interdisciplinary knowledge and intersectoral articulations. Therefore, as the essence and main focus of work in CAOP's focus on the defense of collective law tends to require professions and knowledge with ample capacity for critical and instrumental analysis to apprehend reality in order to support the performance of promoters. It can be inferred that as the fulfillment of collective demands is expanded and strengthened within the scope of the MPRN, they will increase the possibilities of a necessary and possible expansion of the insertion of Social Workers in the team to collaborate in the production of responses to collective demands. A sign that this implantation has a close relationship with the professional profile and its skills and capacity to act in various public social policies in the perspective of the realization of social rights and citizenship. A strong indicator that the professional training of social workers has given it skills and abilities to respond to the real need of the MP as an institution and that the work is done has contributed to the affirmation of the institutional mission of the MPRN to defend the realization of rights, prioritizing the fulfillment of collective demands because they have a greater impact on the implementation of public policies to affect the rights achieved.

The present doctoral research subscribes as a thesis that has proposed to investigate in scientific terms, through Critical Social Theory, the fundamentals present in capitalism that determine the constitution and deepening of labor precarization for Brazilian actors and actresses as a mechanism of capital accumulation, considering its structural character, as well as the elements that are re-actualized in contemporaneity. To that end, it is constituted as qualitative research that, through documentary and bibliographical analysis, in addition to the application of semi-structured interviews, is based on the premise that labor is the founding category of the social self, an analysis that speaks to the genesis and societal transformations that took place starting in the 1970’s and, especially in Brazil, around the 1990’s, considering in them, the consequences of the capitalist crisis and the context of productive restructuring and loss of rights, that lead to mechanisms of (re)production of a workforce that is essentially made precarious: the category of Brazilian actors and actresses. It is relevant, therefore, the development of this study given the expansion of pauperism, unemployment, and of comprehensive forms of precarization and deregulation of labor in the world and, in Brazil, objects of Social Work intervention and analysis, with the important framework in the post legal-congressional and mediatic coup that took place in 2016, given the implementation of an ostensible counter-reform project, that attack, mainly, the labor and social security sectors, a strategic measure for the continued accumulation of neoliberal capital. The research also analyzed the upsurge of conservatism in Brazil that was made evident by the rise of president Jair Bolsonaro to the presidency which puts in ascension a period of irrationality and of subjectivism in the economic, social, political and cultural realms, as well as, caused a (re)actualization of censorship in the arts and culture with important consequences for the subjects involved in artistic work. Based on that, in retrieving and problematizing the process of specific and differentiated socio-historical formation of the country, one ends up equally analyzing the historical course of cultural policy and, with that, the analysis of the State as a core element in this process, in the sense of the existing relationship between labor precarization of actors/actresses and State action in providing cultural public policy, also considering the current context of the withdrawal of its duties, the intensification of the social issue and the furthering of capitalist barbarism. Lastly, it was assessed, in a counter-hegemonic manner, the apprehension over resistance forms and political organization of the artistic professional category in Brazil and its historical relevance, introducing as reference, in order to analyze the present, the political experiences of an array of artistic movements against the 1964 civil-military dictatorship in the country.

The thesis presented here has as its central category of analysis the human needs discussed based on the contribution of the Hungarian philosopher and member of the Budapest School, Agnes Heller. The justification of the study in question is mainly related to the fact that, despite being significantly used, Hellerian production on human needs is still a field of unknowns in the theoretical production of Social Work. In this sense, we question what Agnes Heller's contribution on human needs and how the category of radical needs is situated in the Hellerian debate, trying to identify whether it is possible to articulate the debate on human and radical needs from Heller to the Marxian theoretical framework. Therefore, with this study we aim in general to analyze human needs from the contribution of Agnes Heller, specifically analyzing the context, composition and importance of the Budapest School; addressing the life and work of Agnes Heller; and critically discussing the main works on the topic of human needs. To reach this end, we use the Marxian dialectical critical method as an analysis perspective, and as qualitative procedures, bibliographic research techniques of a qualitative nature, from the use of primary and secondary sources, through readings and records of materials available in the medium. electronic or in physical copies. We support the idea that the development of the Theory of Needs in the Hellerian work demonstrates that there was a process of approaching and moving away from Marx and Marxism, resulting in a production that absorbed several philosophical influences of thought, as well as reflection on the main historical events of the twentieth century and in particular the context experienced in the Hungarian social formation, resulting in an eclectic production on the theme, which constitutes its own theory of needs.

This study aimed to analyze the particularities of women's unpaid productive and reproductive work in rural Brazil. That is, the totality of work which these women do free of charge, both in the sphere of production and domestic/reproduction. Theoretical assumptions are based on the Marxist tradition in dialogue with elaborations in the field of materialist feminism and feminist economics. Thus, we reflect on the consubstantiality of social relations of sex, race and social class, on the sexual division of labor, domestic work and care as a basis for the subordination and exploitation of women in capitalist-patriarchal-racist society. The empirical basis of our study was the microdata of the National Household Sample Survey - Continuous PNAD, conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE in 2018. From them we characterized the different forms of work performed by rural women: a) work in unpaid occupation; b) household chores; c) the work of people caring and; d) work for their own consumption, considering different variables such as color or race, age and educational level. The result evidenced the significant permanence of women in productive and reproductive unpaid activities. Men and women participate in productive / domestic work, but women remain the majority responsible for this type of work. Men's participation obeys a hierarchy in the types of tasks they perform. Reproductive / domestic work reaffirms itself as an almost unbreakable cycle, as a practice that cuts through different generations of women. The condition of rural women as doubly unpaid workers challenges us to deepen our reflection on the process of subordination and exploitation that they experience in their daily lives.

This dissertation deals with the work of the social worker in primary care, particularly the Extended Family Health and Primary Care Center (NASF AB). It is assumed that, as a salaried worker, the social work professional also viscerally suffers from societal transformations and their implications for the working class. Taking as its research locus the NASF AB from the city of Natal / RN, its objective is to analyze the work of the social worker of the Extended Family Health and Primary Care Center (NASF AB) highlighting the particularities and challenges of the profession within primary care in the municipality of Natal - RN. Based on the critical dialectical method, we seek to problematize the paths taken towards the renewal of Primary Care in Brazil in Brazil, based on the process of institutionalization of health as a public policy and universal law, as well as the recent insertion of Social Work. in this space and the conditions under which this insertion has been materialized. In order to support the theoretical and methodological analyzes, the following data collection techniques were performed: the field research, through semi-structured interviews with social workers inserted in NASF AB, the bibliographic review, which followed the whole process of conducting this study, and the documentary research that involved the analysis of normative documents related to the researched question. After analysis, it is possible to apprehend that the work of the social worker at NASF AB is crossed by precariousness, which becomes structural in contemporary capitalism, expressing itself in these spaces, among other ways, in salary, overload and excess demands, besides lack of institutional support to the teams and difficulties in building spaces for case discussion. It also suffers counter-reforms in health policy, which although public, has been configured as a selective and focused policy, especially primary care, which has been presented as a “package of measures for the poor” who do not access health through Marketplace. In the researched spaces, we identified the social worker as a “differentiated” supporter specialist, since, through his formation anchored in the Brazilian Movement of Sanitary Reform and the Ethical-Political Project, it allows him to understand the social determinants of health that affect the process. health-disease of the demands of the Family Health teams. Thus, Social Work contributes significantly to the composition of teams, as well as being a strategic area in NASF AB.

This paper aims to analyze the professional practice of the social worker in the Public Prosecution Service of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (MPRN) and its implications in guarantee the rights of the population. For this purpose, it had as its specific objectives: to apprehend and analyze the insertion of the Social Work and its particularities in the Public Prosecution Service of the State of Rio Grande do Norte; analyze the attributions and competences of the Social Work in the Public Prosecution Service of the State of Rio Grande do Norte; identify the required demands and the professional responses of the Social Work in the Public Prosecution Service of the State of Rio Grande do Norte; as well as unveiling the challenges and possibilities posed to the professional practice of the social worker in the MPRN, from the perspective of guarantee the rights of the user population. It is an qualitative exploratory research, guided by the dialectical critical method, which meant an effort to grasp and analyze the object as a moment of totality, that is, as a complex within larger complexes, to which they find themselves articulated. The universe had been made up of 20 social workers. It was used as a criterion to choose the sample: a) to be social worker. b) to belong to the framework of the MPRN; c) to have RN as its area of operation, except for Mossoró and Macau, as they are served by NATE (Mossoró Specialized Technical Support Center) and CAOPs (Operational Support Center for Attorney Office), respectively d) to have as their area of operation the capital do Estado, Natal (RN). We worked with bibliographic research, documentary research and questionnaire applied with 1 professional per place of capacity in the MPRN, totaling a sample of 10 professionals. The results point to the very recent professional insertion of social workers in the MPRN, 50% are concursed and 45% have precarious ties, 80% social workers in the MP have a postgraduate degree, have decent wages and working conditions, but have a work's pace and  work's demand intense that make it difficult to properly analyze the actions taken. Faced with the emergency nature of daily demands, there is a risk of technical exacerbation and standardization of formalism, trapped in individualized, sectored and isolated actions. Thus, the social worker in the MPRN maintains a double linkage of his practice, the first with the institutionally required demands - mostly of individual character - and the second, in search of commitment to the realization of collective rights of segments of the population recipient of professional actions. In this sense, the challenge of building and specifying the roles and competencies of social workers in the MPRN continues, but Social Work in the institution lives a rich moment of reflection on such exercise, discussing its limits and possibilities of acting through a Working Group (WG) to this end,  being is an important initiative. In this sense, this dissertation is also part of this effort to contribute to the reflection on professional practice and the strengthening of Social Work within the scope of the MPRN.

This research seeks to reflect the incorporation of the Perspective of Social Determination of Health (PDSS) by the Social Work (SSO), problematizing its appropriation in the theoretical-practical mediations, based on evidence of its incorporation in the social record, considered the most technical-operative instrument. used in professional daily life. It points to the appropriation of the PDSS in the theoretical debate of the SSO and reflects on the ideopolitical perspective of health that hegemonizes and guides the content of the social record used in the UFRN hospital network, seeking to analyze the capacity of this instrument to grasp the real living conditions of the population SUS user. It is a qualitative research combining bibliographical and documentary research. We start from the premise that the PDSS expresses the struggle for health as a right in the context of the class struggle, while formulating the Brazilian Health Reform Project (PRSB) is linked to a social transformation project, which has a strong affinity for social direction. of the SSO Political Ethical Project (PEP). The bibliographic research revealed that the idea of Social Determination has been used by health professionals and also by social workers as a synonym of the conceptual model of Social Determinants of Health (SDH) as disseminated by the World Health Organization (WHO), resulting in a theoretical-conceptual distancing that rebounds in the theoretical-practical mediations, which do not intend at the level of Social Determination. This fact is expressed in the academic production, which presents few initiatives of approximation with the ideopolitical tensions of the PDSS, which in the current context of counter-reform tends to reflect in the field of instrumentality, which in turn focuses on the technical-operative instruments used in professional daily life. The set of analysis, and particularly the questions formulated in the social file that forms the basis of the social interviews conducted by the social workers in the UFRN hospital network, reveals strong indications of the hegemony of the concept of SDH in general restricted to the notion of associated intersectorality as an attributed activity. SSO within the framework of the hegemonic biomedical model. From the theoretical point of view we identified the existence of organic links between PDSS and PEP, explained in the centrality of the social issue for the professional exercise and training, present in the Code of Professional Ethics, in the Parameters for Health Care, the guiding axes for the formation present in the 1996 Curriculum Guidelines. Despite this close theoretical affinity, it was not translated into real incorporation of the profession to the PDSS, therefore not using its technical-political potential and theoretical-critical legacy to give visibility to the actions already developed in this direction, which would allow recognizing the importance of the SDH, but also to criticize its limits. In this sense, the research pointed to the need to expand investments in this debate in the field of training, so that the SSO can make its contribution to facing the challenges as a profession that enters the field of Collective Health with theoretical and methodological conditions to perform critical reading. about the real social and health needs of the user population from the perspective of human emancipation, affirming the PRSB and the societal project against hegemony with a view to building a mass democracy.

KEYWORDS: Social Work, Social Determination of Health, Social Determinants, Counter-Reform, Instrumental Rationality

Taking as reference a set of determinations that have as a historical ground the social totality in the framework of Brazilian peripheral capitalism and the dynamics of the objective and subjective experience of the working class, this work seeks to apprehend the implications of the objective and subjective determinations that they printed in the conciliation strategy (2003-2016) of the Workers’ Party's government from Brazil an interdiction of the prospect of implementing social reforms and a radicalization of the conservative forces that culminated in the parliamentary coup that deposed the Workers’ Party of the Presidency of the Brazilian Republic. Analyzed in its historical dynamics and permeated by the contradictions put in reality and by the tensions of the class struggle, the object of study is apprehended through investigation strategies that privilege the bibliographical and documentary research, from which are extracted elements for the analysis of determinants structural and conjunctural determinants that enabled the process of genesis, development and decadence of the Lula and Dilma governments; the investigation of the historical, social and economic bases of the formation of Brazilian society and its articulation with the form of political representation of the contemporary State, highlighting the limits and possibilities that mark a historical anti-reformist tendency in the peripheral nations; the analysis of the actions and social direction assumed by the Workers’ Party's experiences in the materialization of its governmental political project, choosing the adoption of neoliberal monetarist orthodoxy, the relation with the institutionality and the deal with the class struggle and the movements as axes of analysis. Finally, the analysis concretizes, in the wake of the apprehension of the end of this Workers’ Party's government cycle and its historical role in paving the conditions for an offensive directed by the ruling class in a genuine way, the presentation of conclusive suggestions about this experience of class conciliation in the Brazil, highlighting both the interdiction of the possibility of reforms in front of the limits imposed by the adoption of the class pact in the context of structural dependence, and the trajectory of submission of these governmental experiences to the limits of the economic, social and political order as important elements in the discussion about the overcoming obstacles that still pose challenges to the materialization of a socialist strategy of social transformation.

With the emergence of neoliberalism and the imposition of the minimum state, social policies are marked by several setbacks, especially education, because nowadays is affected by the structural crisis of capital and education becomes a commodity. As a result, there is a proliferation of university courses in conditions that compromise the quality of training, mainly due to the expansion of distance courses, with minimum time and unrelated to research and production of knowledge, as well as extension. This process focuses on the logic of the capitalist market that does not deepen the knowledge capable of guaranteeing an integral human formation, with a wide, conscious and critical knowledge. And as a consequence, we have an increase of unemployed graduates. Faced with this, education is faced with two possibilities: to contribute to the reproduction of the capitalist order, or to contribute to overcoming this order. In this context, we see the intensification of formal-abstract and critical-dialectical rationalities and consequently conservative thinking strengthened by neoliberal ideology invades all spheres of social life in the quest to strengthen individualism, fragmentation, pragmatism, bureaucracy and de-historization of facts social policies. All the changes of this productive system impacted the professional formation in Social Work, demanding from the profession an increasingly critical instrumentality, that is to say, a rigorous theoretical-methodological, ethical-political and technical-operative deal with the ongoing conservative offensive. dismantling of higher education and an articulation of the representative entities of Social Service in the unceasing struggle for a secular, public and quality education. With these structural / conjunctural determinants placed in the social reality it is necessary to strengthen the debate of the instrumentality of Social Service in the contemporary molds, then this work has as objective to present the theoretical-methodological, ethical-political and technical-operative bases of this instrumentality in the formation professional courses of social work in the public and private sphere in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The locus of the research was three institutions of higher education, namely: Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) and University Center UNIFACEX (FACEX). We conducted semi-structured interviews with twelve teachers and three students, totaling 15 people interviewed. As a result of the research, we consider that: the Brazilian Social Service builds in its process of renewal, from the congress of the turning point in 1979 to the present day, a critical culture, that especially from the years 2000 deepened the understanding about instrumentality; in vocational training in Rio Grande do Norte, the discussion of instrumentality is located in this debate at the national level and is occurring in a transversal way in the curricular structures; the theoretical-methodological, ethical-political and technical-operative foundation is in line with the hegemonic debate in the profession. However, students continue to overemphasize the operational dimension. Thus, it is evident that many are the determinants that explain such mismatch, we highlight the following: capitalist social relations that reinforce the separation between theory and practice and a pragmatic way of thinking; the neoliberal conjuncture that has implications in the apprehension and conception of the world of the students, determining precarious objective and subjective conditions, for example: insufficient reading, intense work and / or non-compulsory internship, no identification with the course, no apprehension of contents of other disciplines. In short, it is a challenge for teachers to work on this theme in the face of a daily life marked by formal-abstract rationality.

Presents an analysis of the expressions of patriarchy and capitalism in cases involving acts of parental alienation in the context of the Public Defender's Office in Rio Grande do Norte (DPE/RN), Core of Ceará-Mirim. Thus, from a critical perspective, historical-dialectic, the approach contemplates the historical contextualization and dynamics of social relationships that involve the determinants of parental alienation, interwoven in the expressions of the Patriarchate/ capitalism. To do so, uses theoretical references, statistics, analysis of documents, conducted research and institutional on DPE/RN- Core of Ceará-Mirim. The survey was comprised of two stages: the first featured 30 interviews, applied to 15 men and 15 women, ex-couples. The cases were selected from statements made on DPE/RN about acts of parental alienation, in which women were victims of the above-mentioned acts. Such criterion was given, since most scholars point the parent and the children, as victims of parental alienation, and the mother, usually the guardian of the child, such as alienation. The second stage has selected 10 of the 15 previous cases; however, the new interviews were applied only to women, with a diverse sample, in relation to parental alienation suffered form; sexual orientation; race/ethnicity; time of separation; current marital status and type of child custody. After the tabulation and data analysis, the results show that most of the men interviewed agree that: 1) a woman's place is at home taking care of the children; 2) custody of the child/teenager should stay with the parent who has greater financial condition; 3) the woman who betrays should lose custody of the child to the parent; 4) the stepfather should not reside in the same environment of stepdaughters; 5) lesbian women should not get custody of the children. In addition to the above, it was possible to identify feelings of jealousy and revenge, from the end of the relationship, as well as competitiveness, selfishness, stuck in the culture of ownership and male domination. In research conducted with women was found that the former running campaign of disqualification of maternal behaviour, hinder the exercise of parental authority, as well as the approach of mother to the children, standing in the exercise of rights regulated coexistence familiar. It is concluded that the acts of parental alienation are expressions of the Patriarchate/capitalism and also configure how violence against women.

This project aims to analyze the repercussion of patriarchal gender relations on the vulnerability of men to the HIV / AIDS epidemic in Rio Grande do Norte in order to identify possible behavioral and ideological factors influencing the increase of HIV / AIDS cases in the male population; to examine the relationship between the men surveyed and health services and to indicate the obstacles to the implementation and implementation of the National Health Policy for Man (PNAISH, 2009) in health services. As methodological procedures, a dense bibliographic review is proposed in light of a critical analysis of the patriarchal relations of gender, masculinities and human health, as well as a mixed-focus research, articulating quantitative and qualitative data in the perspective of complementarity, character documentary, through the records contained in the medical and social records of the patients, and books of occurrence of the social workers who provide care in the wards of the Dra. Giselda Trigueiro Hospital in Natal / RN, where a semi-structured interview containing open and closed patient questions will also be used of the male attended for treatment of health, internal in the infirmary of Infectologia of the same hospital. In addressing human health from the perspective of patriarchal gender relations, we broaden the range of knowledge, as well as the range of possible transformations, among them, in the model of health care provided to this portion of the population and in the implementation of policies public health care for men and consequently for women. In this context we will also be able to deepen the deepening of the discussion in the field of knowledge of Social Service considering the centrality of patriarchal gender relations and their reflexes / impacts on health with a focus on males.

This research deals with the theoretical analytical approaches identified in the Brazilian Social Work's theoretical production about social policy and the specificity of social assistance and its relation with the process of labour-power reproduction. The object of this study was the conceptions expressed by Social Work authors about social policy and social assistance in their relation to the labour-power reproduction. Therefore, this research’s central problem is: what is the relationship between the conception of social assistance, the social policy and the labour-power as state mediation present in the Brazilian Social Work’s theoretical production? The goals were: 1) to grasp the theoretical-methodological foundations of the social policy conception within Social Work literature; 2) to identify the adopted perspectives in such analyses of the capitalist state and their relation to the labour-power reproduction; 3) to analyse the specificity of social assistance as state mediation in relation to the labour-power reproduction. About the theoretical assumptions, this work is essentially a theoretical one, subsidized by bibliographical research as a process of data collection addressing the Social Work literature. The results are presented from the apprehension of three analytical perspectives: 1) The fight against poverty (Social Policy and the Fight Against Poverty: The Social Reproduction of the Subaltern Classes); 2) The Class Struggle Perspective (Social Policy and the Centrality of Class Struggle: The Supremacy of Policy in the Perspective of Totality); and 3) The dynamics of interdependence between State and capital (Social Policy and the Dynamics between the State and the Process of the Accumulation of Capital). Finally, the analysis admits that the real apprehension of social policy’s social function – and its particularity as social assistance – emerges in the context of monopolistic capital. As the historical requirement of social policies is based on the labour-force reproduction, it is necessary, in order to grasp its founding determinations, to focus on the perspective of totality in the relationship between politics and economy, namely, on the basis of reciprocity between the capital and the State. It is concluded that the contemporary implications in the field of social rights, and therefore of social policies, need to be apprehended with the determinations of capital in the face of the limitations present in its expansion in times of structural crisis and that the historical moment imposes a process of devaluation of labour-power, keeping the reproduction of the latter in the verge of survival.

The present study aims to analyze violence against homeless woman in the current Brazilian context, in order to consider the particularities of gender in the population phenomenon in street situation in contemporary times. By this way, we consider the historical movement of humanity, in order to apprehend the determinations in the life of homeless woman in the sphere of social reproduction. We use the materialist-historical method, since such a problem must be observed from the dialectical process of construction and deconstruction of the various expressions of the social question in contemporary capitalism, in considering its real structures. In order to understand violence against street women as one of the complex constituents of the reality of the phenomenon of street population in its essence, we use gender discussions from the category of "gender’s patriarcal relationships” category, since it denotes the determination of patriarchy in the complex expressions, in the sphere of the sexual division of labor and its nuances in social relations. In order to apprehend the configuration of the population on the street in the face of the advance of the productive forces, we propose an approach of the configurations in the "relative superpopulation" and of violence as the basic and authentic categories of the capitalist dynamics. Thus, because it is not an isolated phenomenon, we observe the contradictions that permeate the lives of street individuals, especially women, to understand the rights, policies, and movement of organization of this population. The whole study will be guided by the bibliographical references from the mutual dialogue of the classical theorists Gyorgy Lukács and Karl Marx with the modern authors Heleieth Safiotti, Sérgio Lessa, José Paulo Netto, Mirla Cisne, Marilena Chaui, Márcia Tiburi, Ricardo Antunes , Marilda Iamamotto, Silvia Federicci, Angela Davis, Helena Hirata, among others. We used articles, dissertations, studies about the phenomena population in street situation, especially those referring to the reality of women in this condition, which were based on the following categories "work" and "women in the street" for research. With regard to policies and rights, data, censuses and plans of this population were used to consider the year of the first survey of Population in Situation of Street (2008), which permeates the whole study and has a better emphasis in the last chapter, where we analyzed the reports of street women from the cities of São Paulo / SP and Natal / RN, aiming at a closer analysis of the total life of women in the street, to consider their objectivities and subjectivities. Finally, it is considered that the lack of data and studies on the subject m/atter reflects the place where women were historically located in capitalist society, thus, violence against women on the street is an inherent phenomenon the current society, aggravated by the particularities of gender.

The present research is dedicated to the study of the importance of social participation for the realization of the right to housing, as a human, individual and collective right, highlighting historical aspects of the achievements, emphasizes national and international laws and struggles that have pervaded the incorporation of housing in the roll of economic and social rights. It problematizes the housing deficit, translated into a lack of decent housing for the impoverished population, understanding it as a forceful expression of social inequalities and the deep income concentration of Brazilian society, visible in the segregated spaces of our cities. Its object is to know the protagonism of the Movement of Fight in the Neighborhoods, Villages and Slums - MLB for the conquest of the right to housing during the occupation March 8 in Natal / RN. Its general objective is to analyze the contribution of the Movement of Struggle in Neighborhoods, Villages and Favelas - MLB to the conquest of the right to housing in Natal / RN. In particular, it seeks to map the strategies and processes of participation and political organization, mobilization, and struggles unleashed highlighting the positions on the reality of the occupation March 8, in the defense of their individual and collective interests. In this sense, it seeks to reflect on the degree of autonomy and / or political dependence of the MLB in relation to the executive power. Thus, it tries to identify the experiences of social struggles more significant of the MLB with emphasis in the protagonism and positioning of the collective subjects that fight in defense of the access to decent housing. It is a qualitative research that combines bibliographical and documentary research. Prioritizing documents and scenarios produced during the March 8 occupation, such as minutes, notes, pamphlets, news in newspapers, alternative media and social networks.

The central objective of the present work is the autonomy and heteronomy processes of the Community Development Banks (BCDs) through the study of the trajectory of the experience called Solidary Bank of the Gostoso (BSG), with a locus in the Community of Tabua, Of São Miguel do Gostoso / RN, in the period from 2011 to 2015. For this purpose, we defined as a general objective of the research to analyze the articulation between the autonomy and heteronomy processes in the Banco Solidário do Gostoso trajectory, based on the Dimensions: economic-political, technical-institutional and sociopedagogical of this experience. As for the method of investigation, we define ourselves by historical-dialectical materialism in the quantitative-qualitative or mixed perspective. As research techniques, we worked with documentary and bibliographical analysis, 01 (one) focus group, applied to AMJP women and 05 (five) semi-structured interviews, applied to the beneficiary entrepreneur, AMJP representative manager, (AACC), the representative of the Technological Incubator of Solidarity Economy and Management of Territorial Development (ITES) and the professor of the Department of Social Service of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) , Researcher of the subject and former manager of the National Secretariat of Solidarity Economy (SENAES). Hermeneutic-dialectic was the method of analysis chosen to work with the material caught during the development of the research. Regarding the results achieved, two considerations are: 1) the bank's operationalization limits imposed by the market, the process of institutionalization of social movements with their legal limitations, and the prioritization of training processes focused on the nature of the practices undertaken by BCDs in their territory and Improvement of the management tools of the BCDs reveals a heteromy in the course of implementation and development of the BSG, with negative consequences to the emancipatory conditions of those living in that community. 2) Our understanding is that the degenerative process of experiences such as that of Tabua are based not only on the resistance of order, given the linkage of the State form to the economy form, but also, in the heterogeneity of the conformation of the solidarity economy in Brazil, the Which ends up weakening and unbalancing the correlation of forces between capital and labor.

The following project aims to analyze the working conditions of the caseworkers included in the Social Assistance Referral Centers (SARC) and the Specialized Referral Centers of Social Assistance (SRCSA), in the city of Natal/RN, in order to know and reflect on the limits and possibilities in the professional daily life, worried about their salaried profile and determinations of the capitalist system. For this, the research method used is based on historical-dialectical materialism, whose essence considers aspects of history and socioeconomic conjuncture which is part of the group to be studied, as well as the temporary and contradictory dynamics of reality and its multiple peculiarities. The methodology adopted is based on documentary and field research, through which we seek the theoretical-methodological contribution in the discussions on Work, Social Policies and Social Work, also performing eight (8) semi-structured interviews with caseworkers from the units mentioned. In view of the four administrative regions of Natal/RN, which are: south, west, east and north, and that there are eleven SARC and four SRCSA distributed among them, we looked for include at least one SARC and one SRCSA per region, thus contemplating the interview with a caseworker in each of the institutions. With the support of the information obtained and as a product of the content analysis, we understand, therefore, some tendencies that we can synthesize through the opposition of what has been supported by the Unified Social Assistance System (USAS) and what has in fact been materialized in the professional practice, in a paradox about which the Brazilian social assistance policy is established, since it is still easily observable the recurrent picture of work precarization in this area. This precariousness, which affects not only the material conditions of work, but also the quality of the services offered to users, as well as the health of workers, increasingly subjected to the processes of illness and abusive acts present in labor relations. In fact, we consider the importance of analyzes that are dedicated to the patterns of work in the contemporary scene, highlighting aspects that involve the professional practice, but also its repercussions in the other dimensions of workers' lives, looking for reduce through collective struggle the distance between the acquired rights and their realization. 

The present work seeks to problematize the performance of agencies that make up the System for Guaranteeing the Rights of Children and Adolescents (SGD), in the accomplishment of coping with the occurrences of violence in the municipality of Natal. In order to do so, the objective was to analyze how violence against children and adolescents in Natal / RN has been tackled, particularizing the strategies and mechanisms used by the DGS protection agencies, in the period from 2014 to 2015, in order to identify the limits And possibilities that interfere and / or contribute to the accomplishment of this confrontation in the municipality. The research was conducted through qualitative research and was guided by the critical dialectical referential, and the data collection was done through documentary and field research in the quantitative-qualitative perspective. The focus of the research was the Protection Network that operates in the Northern Administrative Region of Natal. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with: the Guardianship Council, the Municipal Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents, the Specialized Referral Center for Social Assistance, The Family Health Support Center and a Municipal School. The data were treated based on content analysis and analyzed in the light of the adopted theoretical framework. It was identified that three dimensions are essential to face the phenomenon: care, monitoring and prevention. However, determinants of cultural, social, political and economic order contribute to the occurrence and recurrence of situations of violence and interfere in the accomplishment of the confrontation. The family appears as an institution which, contradictorily, attributes authority and duty to protection. In addition to the phenomenon that occurs immediately, structural violence appears as another expression of violence committed against children and adolescents.

The present research seeks to broaden the debate on the social demands of the elderly in the scope of social assistance policy. For this, the social assistance services are problematized as important mechanisms in the scope of Brazilian social protection. The objective was to analyze the social assistance services of the Basic Social Protection of the social assistance for the elderly in Natal-RN, verifying how these services meet the demands of the elderly and elderly, considering the plurality in the ways of aging and its biopsychosocial dimension. The research was guided by the dialectical method, in the perspective of seeking an apprehension of reality that considers its contradictions. The empirical locus of the research were services of the social assistance network of the Basic Social Protection (PSB) of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), in Natal / RN. For the collection of primary data, a semi-structured interview was conducted with four professionals who work in said network. It was identified that the perspective of the preponderant aging in the social assistance services of the PSB is based on a biomedical conception - the aging centered on the losses of physical functionality -, making it necessary for the elderly person to occupy the time, keeping it in activity to provide the "Aging well", that is, active and healthy aging. The demands of the elderly and elderly are apprehended as the search for a particular service / activity, limiting a deeper understanding about the social needs of the elderly segment in the services surveyed. Under these bases, methodologies that focus on socio-cultural aspects, especially recreational and leisure activities, as well as functional physical activities, are favored. In this sense, the predominance of such activities in the scope of the services directed to the elderly person can be analyzed from three dimensions: 1) to a tradition incorporated to the services of social work in the work with the old and the elderly; 2) the north given by programs and proposals conceived by experts of the international and national gerontology; 3) the retraction of the functions of the State under the direction of neoliberal policies. These three dimensions find their intersection in aging, in which there is a need to solve the problem of aging in a superficial way, especially when working the physical and socio-cultural aspects.

This work discusses the Professional qualification mechanisms accessed by social workers, and its implications over the CFESS/CRESS Permanent Educational Policy, having as main general aim to analysis the socioeconomical and ethical-political determinants that are in the search for professional qualification of the social workers of the Rio Grande do Norte (RN). By this purpose, was realized a documentary research in the Social Work Regional Council (CRESS/RN – 14^th Region) between 2013 and 2015, on the basis of audit reports, through what we delimited the sample for the field research, with nine social workers through the performance of a interview guide by a semi-structured script, associated with the construction an analysis of our object. During the work, we considered the changes that have been occurring in the social, political and economical plans, engendered by the capital and the labor market, being orchestrated by neoliberalism since 1990 whose repercussions affect the working class and the social workers, objectively and subjectively. These transformations fall on the professional formation that turns to the service of interests of this market, forging a certain professional profile that is in contrary of the one proposed by the ethical-political project. Consequently, the defense and the direction given by the Permanent Education Policy of the CFESS/CRESS to the permanent educational process of the social workers find a great limitation, especially in the real possibilities of the Permanent Education contributes to the process of political organization of the category. So we seek here to reflect on the reality found in the daily routine of social workers of the RN about their formative processes beyond the graduation, as well as on the impacts of their search for qualification in their professional exercises based on analyzes guided by the Marxist tradition. We observed that the supervised internship has enable the social workers to have access to (re)read, debates and (re)construction of knowledge that, although it present itself with many limitations, is possible to be oxygenated in the direction of Permanent Education perspective that we defend as category. We have also seen that the difficulties in the process of Permanent Education of the social workers of the RN express a set of macrossocietary determinations objectively and subjectively in the search of these professional intellectual enhancement.  We emphasize that only with a perspective of permanent education beyond the capital, we can build a process of permanent education that exceeds the determinations imposed by the labor market, with many limitations imposed by the sociability of capital and by the working conditions and relations of social workers, which imposes on us the need to resist and fight through strategies built collectively, of which Permanent Education Policy of CFESS/CRESS is part of. 

The present work aims at analyzing the family and chemical dependency in the contemporary world, emphasizing the discussion of the place of the family in drug policy. It addresses the discussion about drug use and abuse and chemical dependency (understood as disease) and its repercussion in the family institution in the context of Brazilian society, also showing current drug policies and the path of advances and setbacks inserted in the perspective of the Reform Sanitary In addition, a discussion is brought about the family and its new configurations in the contemporary world, presenting its place in the face of the disease of chemical dependence and drug policy. Family is in the process of becoming ill as well as the dependent chemist, developing codependency. It has as general objective to analyze the family of the individual affected by the disease of the chemical dependence within the mental health institutions in the municipality of Nata / RN, demarking its place in the mental health policy, its visibility, its protagonism and its challenges. The specific objectives are: To analyze the socio-historical determinants that influence the configuration of public policies in the area of mental health, demarcating the way in which they are responding to the growing demand of the disease of the chemical dependence and the place of the family in the agenda of these policies; To analyze the actions developed in the institutions dedicated to the treatment of chemical dependence, bearing in mind the bond or not of these institutions to the proposal of the Reform Psychiatrist and Antimanicomial Struggle; To identify how (and if it occurs) the attention to families (codependentes) during the treatment process of the user of psychoactive substances (SPA) - chemical dependent; To analyze the aspects that denote the visibility, the protagonism and the challenges of the relatives in the process of treatment, in the condition of codependentes. The paper articulates in its methodological course a bibliographical research, associated with a field research, in which a semistructured interview was applied with the research subjects, professionals of the institutions of the research universe and family members who during the period of field research were with some member Of their family in treatment. Regarding the results obtained in this research, it is important to highlight the position of the research subjects (health professionals and family members) in relation to the current services aimed at the treatment of chemical dependency and follow-up with the family, which in the scope of public mental health policy Becomes increasingly precarious. Concluding, therefore, the need to give greater visibility to the problematic of chemical dependence and the fragile strategies of coping with this problem that is configured as an expression of the social question; Requiring a differentiated look for all the actors involved in it: user, family and society.

The present dissertation aims to analyze the demands, challenges and strategies of action of social workers in public institutions of mental health care for users dependent on psychoactive substances. We chose the Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPS AD) of Natal / RN as an empirical locus. The research process is oriented in a materialist historical-dialectical perspective, with a qualitative approach. In order to systematize the information produced, the following instruments of data production were used: documentary analysis of the Portarias do Ministério da Saúde that regulate the CAPS AD and the Public Policies on Drugs, and semi-structured interview with social workers of the CAPS AD of Natal / RN . The main results allow to consider the use of psychoactive substances as a human need that assumes particularities and determined social function given the market dimension that permeates this universe within the framework of capitalist society; The criticism of the Brazilian prohibitionist drug policy, understanding it as one of the expressions of contemporary conservatism and the insertion of Social Work in the CAPS AD, it was possible to identify and analyze that professional demands are put in reality in an increasingly complex way in In view of the objective and subjective conditions of individuals and the structural and conjunctural limits that affect social policies, institutions and the use of psychoactive substances at this historical moment, showing social workers numerous challenges, especially with regard to professional practice In the social direction of the ethical-political project of the profession. The analysis based on a perspective of totality in the seizure of social relations and Social Work favored the critical reflection on the prohibitionist perspective of Public Policies on "Drugs" and the conservative tendencies present in the State action, revealing contradictions and incompatibility with the ethical project of the profession.

This study aimed to analyze the daily work of transvestites and their integration in the labor market in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. It is known that the transvestites rights violations are historical and everyday, these being early, often harassed by the family and driven from home, school and work and suffer discrimination and prejudice by much of society. In that sense, by the transformation of the working world that complicate from the structural crisis of the capital started in the 1970s, it has many limits and organizational challenges to the working class, including the fight against oppression and exploitation of those who suffer the aftermaths expressions of social issues more intensely, namely children and adolescents, women, blacks, immigrants, people on the streets and the population of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual and Transgender LGBT. Thus, the specific objectives, the research was north map and analyze the formal labor camps / informal where transvestites are inserted in Natal; build a socioeconomic profile of transvestites working in that locality; identify and analyze the main rights violations experienced by transvestites at work; and analyze the movement of the Trans agenda on entering the labor market in Brazil and in relation to combating the violation of rights at work. The method used was the analysis of dialectical historical materialism, based on quantitative / qualitative approach technique, as well as bibliographic and documentary analysis. There was semi-structured interviews with eight working transvestites (non-probabilistic sample intentional by the difficulty of access) inserted in the formal / informal work, as well as an interview with the president of the National Association of Transvestites and Transsexuals (ANTRA), accounting for nine subject interviewed. As a result of the obtained reports, it has to be transvestites experience daily several precarizations to be inserted in the labor market, suffer rights violations, moral and sexual harassment, as well as institutionalized transphobia. In addition, we analyzed the public policies of income and jobs for transvestites in Brazil. And yet, there was the public budget for the realization of these policies, its limits and its contractions. Thus the state, in fact, is the mediator of the field of trans people rights in Brazil, still, tiny public policies for this segment. It is in this arena of social conflicts that this population resists the defense of rights. It was concluded that in the face of so many challenges that transvestites suffer in the working world, only through collective organization that coordinates the anti-patriarchal struggle, anti-capitalist, anti-racist and anti-cissexists that these workers can transform this reality multiple social inequalities.

This study aimed to know and analyze the insertion in the labor market, as well as the conditions and labor relations of graduates from higher education in technology of Campus Natal-Central of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) in the contemporary context of institutional expansion and higher education in Brazil, structural work precariousness and densification of the precariat. The research was based on a critical perspective that aims to grasp the research subject by social-historical determinations of the society of capital in times of crisis. From a methodological point of view, it constitutes a qualitative and quantitative research working with secondary and primary data; the latter coming from semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the results allowed us to identify the reports of the graduates their profiles, explaining inherent characteristics of the category "precariat" and revealing the IFRN action limits, that despite institutional claims to the contrary, has acted as a densification vector of this portion of the working class in the present historical time. The study also revealed important elements of both the training and post-graduation processes that may be considered by the Institute in the adaptation of curricula, organization and articulation of students / professionals and monitoring process of graduates in order to promote better conditions for its students / graduates employability.

This paper aims to critically analyze the relationship between the occurrence of dengue and environmental conditions in Natal, Brazil municipality. His main concern is to investigate the extent to which health policy adopted to combat dengue (dis) considers environmental illness in the hegemonic model of your (un) control in the Potiguar scenario. The investigative process combined literature, documentary and field research. The literature search allowed the comprehension of theoretical and empirical categories. The documentary research was the analysis about news published by local media and / or national, IBGE data and documents produced by the Natal City Hall. The field research was carried out through focus group technique (GF) consisting of Endemic Disease Control Agents (ACE) representatives of five (5) different health districts (DS) of the city of Natal and two natives of the Eastern DS, totaling six (6) ACE, plus one (1) technical supervisor of the Zoonosis Control Center. It was found that these health professionals attribute to the lack of health awareness as a major constraint for the control of dengue. The study revealed that despite initiatives in dengue control measures seek to go beyond the health sector, the shares direct to emergency actions. And above all there is a strong focus on "combating mosquito" and the reiteration of "scapegoating" of the individual for his illness. It was found that the intermittent water supply, sewage collection and solid waste collection are essential to the dengue phenomenon in Natal. It follows that aa health policy implemented in Natal disregards the social and environmental reality and the capital macrodeterminações despising such elements for dengue seizure therefore unaware that such determinations reflected in the deepening breakdown of harmonic dynamics between humanity and the rest of nature aggravating the environmental barbarism scenario.

To understand the dynamics societária and the roads for which are traveling the social politics and the efetivação of the social rights in the hostile and contradictory conjuncture of the capitalist society, aided in the neoliberal ideário, it is indispensable to analyze the social workers' professional exercise in their several insert spaces. In that perspective, the present study is fruit of a field research and bibliographical with the general objective of analyzing how he/she has if developed the (the) social worker's professional exercise in the Basic Attention of the Politics of Health in the municipal district of Christmas / RN, with views to contribute for the discussion of doing professional and the importance of the ethical-political project as element norteador and indispensable for the Social Service. The empiric data were collected starting from interviews semiestruturadas with full social workers / the in the basic attention of Christmas. Like this, they were interviewed / the social workers of USF, UBS, director / the one of Sanitary District, director / the one of unit of health, NASF and Clinics in the Street. The data of the collection were analyzed starting from the technique of content analysis and the exposed results in the chapter three of the dissertation. The results demonstrate the fragility of the work conditions in which are the social workers, fruit of difficulties lived by the politics of health in general, and that affect the professionals for if they insert in work processes already defined for the employers and for they have the social politics as main field of performance. Another interesting point revealed in the study is the confusion / imprecision that the subject of research do when referring the competences and private attributions of the Social Service, mainly on that last one for they be inserted in teams multiprofissionais and interdisciplinary. In that perspective it is of extreme importance problematize the theme that prays if it presents, therefore it is the production of the knowledge concerning the professional exercise, in times of regression of rights and invigoration of the neoconservadorismo, that it allows we look each other at the directions that the profession has been taking and to reiterate the need of the defense of doing professional orientated by the critical professional project.

The paper analyzes the policy of inclusion to blind students in higher education brazilian examinating the process that involves the access and permanence of this students at UFRN graduation courses. In this sense, is examined the place of inclusive policy for blind students, identifying their difficulties and challenges as well as the systematization of the socioeconomic profile of these students. In addition, is made reflections about the history of people with disabilities throughout Western history, in order to understand how the State and society understand and recognize the these people. It points out that it is from the modern conception of universal rights that this old perception is rejected in exchange for the notion of equity. We also analyzed the educational policies already developed in Brazil aimed at people with specific needs with an emphasis on people with visual impairment. For this purpose, a qualitative research guided by the dialectical and applied conception through the use of documentary research, observation, semi-structured interviews and theoretical foundation on the subject in question was verified in this study. The universe of the analysis was 05 (five) blind students enrolled in the courses of Dance, Hospital Management, Management in Health Services, History and Music of the face-to-face graduation of the Central Campus of this institution, in the period from 2012 to 2015. The results of this study Indicate that the attitudinal barriers of the academic community are still the greatest difficulties regarding the permanence and completion of courses attended by these students. Considering the category disability as a socially erected premise, through a standard of normality constituted by a sociability that confers to the disability a place of exclusion and prejudice. Thus, the mentioned study does not pretend to exhaust the thematic about the policy of inclusion of blind students of UFRN, but to subsidize future studies

A noção de autonomia no feminismo se coloca como teoria e ação para a construção horizontal e autodesignada das mulheres no projeto de transformação social. Enquanto elemento do movimento feminista – sujeito político das mulheres –, a autonomia, se estabelece de forma dinâmica, avançando e retrocedendo a partir da conjuntura sócio-histórica que se inscreva e, assim, da correlação de forças que se constitui com o grupo das mulheres. Dessa forma, para este trabalho foi necessária à tomada do feminismo em seu atual processo, o qual configura a transição do período de “onguização” das organizações feministas (1980 a 2000), cujo se discute a relativa perda de autonomia diante da aliança como Estado e dependência às agências de fomento, para o período atual, que retoma discursos e práticas autônomas por meio de grupos e suas militantes. Para tanto, esse estudo se fundamenta na investigação do feminismo autônomo das jovens mulheres, as caracterizando como outra proposta radical e de inserção política para esse período. O objetivo, então, esteve em analisar a capacidade organizativa dos coletivos autônomos feminista em Natal/RN, a partir do conhecimento sobre a estrutura e dinâmica de um grupo e a compreensão da consubstancialidade sexo, “raça”/etnia, classe para o processo de organização. E contou com a participação do Coletivo Autônomo Feminista Leila Diniz. Este se encontrava em transição organizativa, encerrando suas atividades como ONG e partindo para militância autônoma. A fim de atingir a objetivação então proposta, foi realizada revisão bibliográfica das categorias, feminismo, autonomia, patriarcado, consciência militante feminista e coletivo total; pesquisa documental referente ao Coletivo; observações participantes no interior de suas reuniões; e uma oficina temática com algumas militantes do Coletivo Autônomo, onde se produziu imagens e discursos. A materialização desses instrumentais proporcionou à pesquisa uma análise quanto aos elementos que constituem as jovens feministas e as organizações autônomas contemporâneas, tendo em vista as experiências múltiplas e a diversidade de mulheres que configura o sujeito [a sujeita] feminista enquanto coletivo total. Assim como, a tomada de uma consciência militante feminista pelo grupo pesquisado expressou a necessária reapropriação de si, em combate à feminilidade patriarcal, às naturalizações hierárquicas que marcam o sexo das mulheres e o reconhecimento enquanto classe de sexo para organização autônoma feminista pela libertação das mulheres.

O referido trabalho objetiva analisar aspectos da vida dos adolescentes autores de ato infracional após o cumprimento das Medidas Socioeducativas em Meio Aberto (Liberdade Assistida – LA e Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade – PSC) no município do Natal/RN em 2010. Desse modo, torna-se necessário situar e considerar as determinações sociohistóricas que permeiam a vida desses sujeitos, apreciando os aspectos econômicos, sociais, políticos e históricos. Entendemos que esses sujeitos vivenciam inúmeras expressões da Questão Social, tais como: ausência de oportunidades, violência, desemprego, dentre outras. Num contexto de redução das ações do Estado para com o social, e ínfimo investimento em políticas públicas. Desse modo, a referida análise buscou apreender tais determinações na vida desses adolescentes, hoje jovens, e teve como objetivo principal conhecer esses sujeitos e analisar a situação familiar, socioeconômica e política desses, após o cumprimento das medidas socioeducativas; bem como, apreender a inserção na vida escolar e no mercado de trabalho. Para tanto, utilizamos como percurso metodológico uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa, utilizando como procedimento 4 (quatro) entrevistas semiestruturadas,  pesquisa documental, por meio da análise de relatórios, processos e fichas de acompanhamento. O universo da análise foram os adolescentes que cumpriram medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto no município do Natal/RN. A amostra foi de 9 (nove) jovens, que acompanhamos durante o estágio curricular obrigatório, no período da graduação em Serviço Social na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, em 2010.  O recorte temporal da pesquisa se deu entre 2010 – 2014.  Os resultados desse estudo indicam que a solução para os problemas de violência não é a redução da maioridade penal. É necessário que sejam efetivadas ações no sentido de garantir direitos e de possibilitar outras condições de vida as crianças e adolescentes, pois, na verdade vivenciamos uma tendência à regressão de direitos. Apreendemos também que os jovens entrevistados, apesar de todas as dificuldades, como: baixa escolaridade, acesso ao mercado de trabalho, baixa renda, entre outras, compreendem as Medidas Socioeducativas como um divisor de águas nas suas vidas, pois, não praticam mais atos ilícitos, buscam uma vida melhor, tem sonhos e planos para o futuro, e seguem escrevendo suas histórias.

DA VOZ QUE CALA AO CORPO QUE FALA: O ASSÉDIO MORAL NO AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO COMO DESAFIO PARA O SERVIÇO SOCIAL

A análise da população em situação de rua, através do método histórico-dialético nos permite entender que os determinantes que o condicionam devem ser apreendidos historicamente, considerando os acontecimentos do passado, que mantém relação com o tempo presente. Portanto, o fenômeno da população em situação de rua é inerente à sociedade capitalista, síntese de múltiplas determinações, é considerado uma expressão radical da questão social. A pesquisa aqui apresentada tem como objetivo geral, analisar o processo de organização política da população em situação de rua, através do Movimento Nacional da População de Rua (MNPR), considerando as particularidades de Natal/RN. Nesse sentido, construimos o perfil de algumas lideranças que estão à frente do MNPR, no que diz respeito ao sexo, idade, raça, escolaridade e orientação sexual; assim como analisamos os fundamentos políticos que norteiam a atuação do MNPR; a agenda de reivindicações e as formas de resistência do MNPR nacionalmente, considerando a realidade local. Para alcançarmos os objetivos pretendidos com a nossa pesquisa, realizando uma análise coerente com a perspectiva de totalidade, consideraremos as lutas históricas da classe trabalhadora, sua relação com o Estado e com as plíticas sociais ao longo do desenvolvimento do capitalismo. Para os resultados apresentados nesse estudo, realizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas com sete lideranças do MNPR, quatro representantes da coordenação nacional, dois coordenadores estaduais e um militante de base, assim como, analisamos documentos produzidos pelo MNPR a nível nacional e em Natal/RN.

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Refletir sobre as desigualdades existentes nas relações sociais entre homens e mulheres, reforçadas e aprofundadas pela sociabilidade capitalista, torna-se essencial para compreender o porquê da permanência da divisão sexual do trabalho, da relação hierárquica entre as atividades “masculinas” e “femininas” e da pouca presença de mulheres em algumas carreiras universitárias, bem com a sua prevalência em outras áreas. Partindo dessa realidade, esta dissertação objetivou analisar as dificuldades e os desafios encontrados pelas mulheres inseridas em cursos predominantemente masculinos no âmbito da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Inicialmente foi realizada revisão bibliográfica acerca da temática e concomitantemente um levantamento através do Sistema Integrado de Gestão de Atividades Acadêmicas (SIGAA) no qual se constatou que nos cursos de Engenharia Elétrica, Engenharia de Computação, Engenharia Mecânica e Ciência da Computação, a presença feminina perfaz um percentual de até 10% do alunado. Para a fase da pesquisa de campo, optou-se pela realização em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram aplicados 37 (trinta e sete) questionários, abrangendo 36% das alunas inseridas nos cursos elencados anteriormente; e, na segunda, foram realizadas 12 (doze) entrevistas semi-estruturadas, as quais foram gravadas e transcritas. Em seguida, traçou-se o perfil sócio-econômico-familiar das estudantes; verificou-se os motivos que as levaram a escolha do curso; procedeu-se a identificação e análise dos desafios e dificuldades encontradas para permanência no curso, na relação com professores e colegas de curso; e as estratégias das estudantes para lidarem com as discriminações e preconceitos impostos pelas relações desiguais de gênero.Ao fim desta pesquisa foi possível observar que apesar das estudantes afirmarem que não há diferenças nem preconceitos, estes se reproduzem entre professores e professoras, entre alunos e alunas destes cursos, através de brincadeiras, observações, comportamentos, etc. Além disso, as discentes reconhecem que no mercado de trabalho o preconceito existirá fortemente. A pesquisa atingiu um objetivo bastante positivo que foi levar as alunas a refletirem sobre o seu processo de inserção nesses espaços. Dentro desse contexto, observa-se que as desigualdades nas relações de gênero permanecem arraigadas, estando longe de uma sociedade pautada na igualdade entre homens e mulheres.

O racismo tem participação ativa na definição das condições de saúde, uma vez que reproduz no âmbito da subjetividade e do consentimento, padrões de integração à ordem que restringem a população negra do amplo acesso aos bens e serviços socialmente produzidos. Por essa razão, as pessoas negras estão expostas a riscos diferenciados de adoecimento, inclusive com maiores chances de exposição a certas doenças e agravos com uma maior prevalência, como é o caso da Doença Falciforme. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho apresenta uma análise das expressões do racismo na saúde da população negra com Doença Falciforme, tendo como norte analítico o estudo das condições de saúde e da qualidade da atenção a saúde ofertada pela direção municipal do SUS, representada pela Secretária Municipal de Saúde de João Pessoa/PB. Trata-se de uma pesquisa social aplicada, fundada numa abordagem quanti-qualitativa que envolveu a coleta de dados secundários, os quais foram sistematizados e analisados em dois momentos: 1) análise dos indicadores sociais referente a população negra no município a partir da base de dados do Censo Demográfico do IBGE; 2) estudo documental realizado no banco de dados do Programa Municipal da Doença Falciforme e Análise dos relatórios de gestão da SMS referente a 2011, 2012 e 2013. Optou-se por uma visão crítica e dialética de leitura da realidade, com apoio nas categorias do racismo, racismo institucional e saúde da população negra compreendidas como uma unidade dialética. Os resultados revelam que a população negra com Doença Falciforme está inserida num contexto de vulnerabilidade social que repercute na sua situação de morbimortalidade. Aponta-se ainda que os problemas de saúde das pessoas com Doença falciforme são preferencialmente resolvidos com base na atenção básica a saúde e por ações focadas na prevenção de eventos agudos. Por essas características estão focadas em ações de baixa densidade tecnologia e de baixo custo que embora com maior alcance assistencial, provocam mudanças de longo prazo incapazes de alterar sua realidade de saúde; No plano político institucional, essas respostas apresentam limites na atenção á saúde, sobretudo no que se refere ao enfrentamento das desigualdades e promoção da qualidade de vida, uma vez que as ações exigem baixo poder de decisão e consequentemente poucas alterações nas estruturas dos sistemas de saúde.  Nesse esforço, espera-se contribuir com a produção de conhecimento que seja útil para ação político e científico de grupos e movimentos interessados em ultrapassar as determinações do racismo e construir uma nova ordem social fundamentada na emancipação de todas as formas de exploração étnico/racial, sexual e de classes que signifique em melhorias na realidade de saúde das pessoas com Doença Falciforme.

Este estudo apresenta a problemática da violência sexual Infanto-juvenil a partir de um olhar crítico sob a avaliação das ações dos órgãos de defesa e proteção nos casos de abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes do município de Natal/RN. Objetivamos realizar esta avaliação a partir da investigação de 05 casos de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual que foram atendidas pela Delegacia Especializada em Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente – DCA, considerando o fluxo de atendimento dos casos, a articulação entre os órgãos que compõem o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos – SGS, o registro da denúncia, bem como o tempo percorrido entre o registro da denúncia e a responsabilização do agressor. Para tanto, o presente estudo constitui-se em uma análise sob o enfoque teórico-metodológico quantitativo e qualitativo tendo como pressuposto a violência sexual nas suas dimensões sociais, históricas, culturais, legais e econômicas. O percurso estabelecido entre o conhecimento sobre o objeto e o método de análise envolveu: pesquisa bibliográfica acerca da discussão conceitual sobre a violência sexual, analise de dados quantitativos disponibilizados pela DCA, bem como entrevistas semiestruturadas junto aos responsáveis pelas vítimas e aos profissionais que atuam em instituições dos órgãos de defesa. Apreende-se neste estudo que as situações de violência contra crianças e adolescentes é um fenômeno multifacetado que tem expressões desde a sociedades antiga, assumindo uma particularidade na sociedade contemporânea ao considerar a população infanto-juvenil enquanto sujeitos de direitos. Além disso, foi possível identificar a ausência de efetividade, no que diz respeito às ações dos órgãos de defesa na intervenção das situações de abuso sexual ora investigadas já que ainda não se configura de fato um processo de articulação entre os referidos órgãos na perspectiva da garantia de direitos e do rompimento do ciclo de violência. 

Este trabalho discute sobre o processo de formação profissional do assistente social, tendo por lócus de pesquisa o município de Natal/RN. Ele teve por objetivo analisar as repercussões das contrarreformas do ensino superior brasileiro no processo de formação profissional do assistente social. Para isto foram pesquisadas duas instituições de ensino superior: uma universidade pública e uma instituição de ensino a distância. Nosso estudo foi norteado pelo método marxista de análise da realidade a qual parte da compreensão crítica-dialética do objeto de estudado e, se baseou na análise qualitativa dos dados investigados. Em relação aos procedimentos metodológicos realizamos entrevistas com docentes e coordenadores dos cursos; e grupo focal com os discentes das instituições pesquisadas. Além disso, fizemos um estudo bibliográfico sobre o tema em questão e análises dos Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos dos cursos e suas respectivas estruturas curriculares. A partir das considerações tecidas neste trabalho apreendemos que o atual contexto de contrarreforma do ensino superior brasileiro impõe diversos desafios ao processo de formação profissional pautado nos valores ético-políticos defendidos hegemonicamente pela categoria profissional. Tais desafios são expressos de forma diferenciada nas instituições pesquisadas, pois cada uma delas irá refletir as contrarreformas do ensino superior dentro de suas especificidades nesse contexto. Portanto, reafirmamos a importância da atuação política da categoria profissional dos assistentes sociais que historicamente vem denunciando as ataques deferidos contra o ensino superior brasileiro e buscando novas estratégias de enfrentamento e combate destes, lutando por um ensino superior público e gratuito de modo que possa garantir uma formação profissional para os sujeitos, pautada em valores éticos e políticos emancipatórios. 

Esta dissertação tem como objeto o debate sobre o trabalho do assistente social com famílias no âmbito do Congresso Brasileiro de Assistentes Sociais (CBAS) e do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores em Serviço Social (ENPESS), levando em consideração a presença histórica da família no trabalho profissional e nas políticas sociais públicas, nas quais o assistente social atua. Objetivamos realizar uma análise comparativa entre as discussões travadas nos dois eventos e identificar e analisar as questões, desafios e aportes teóricos apontados pelos autores no que se refere ao trabalho do assistente social com famílias. Seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa utilizamos como estratégia de coleta e construção de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica em torno do tema, a partir dos Anais do XI, XII e XIII CBAS e do X, XI, XII e XIII ENPESS. A escolha por tais eventos se deu pelo fato de serem importantes canais de difusão da produção intelectual do Serviço Social em âmbito nacional. Escolhemos para realizar nossa análise 30 artigos (19 trabalhos do CBAS e 11 do ENPESS). Assim, com a problematização do debate presente nos trinta artigos analisados, identificamos reflexões e orientações mais críticas sobre o tema, como também a persistência de concepções e formas de intervenção tradicionais, pautadas no julgamento quanto ao desempenho de papéis familiares e orientadas numa perspectiva de reestruturação do núcleo familiar, através do incentivo à potencialização das capacidades internas das próprias famílias para a resolução de seus problemas. Além disso, observamos que os autores das publicações do CBAS apresentam, de modo recorrente, um maior detalhamento das características metodológicas que permeiam as ações profissionais desenvolvidas com famílias, descrevendo com maior clareza os instrumentos e técnicas utilizados, as formas de abordagem e os objetivos profissionais. No entanto, apontam, por vezes, para caminhos contrários a perspectiva histórico-crítica hegemônica na profissão, ao expressarem concepções restritas e estereotipadas de famílias, que, por vezes, se expressam no direcionamento conservador das ações profissionais. Já as publicações do ENPESS explicitam um debate mais voltado para a construção de reflexões teórico-metodológicas sobre o trabalho com famílias e, apesar de não se deterem no detalhamento de propostas de atuação profissional, nem descreverem de forma minuciosa os procedimentos, formas de abordagem, instrumentos e atividades desenvolvidas, os autores constroem reflexões teórico-críticas fundamentais para o entendimento dos desafios que giram em torno da atuação profissional com famílias na contemporaneidade. Essas e outras questões confirmaram a tendência, no âmbito das produções analisadas, quanto ao restrito e frágil debate da categoria profissional acerca do trabalho com famílias, sinalizando a necessidade de mais estudos e discussões sobre o tema.

A presente pesquisa trata da temática da exploração sexual infanto-juvenil, prática secularmente presente na vida em sociedade, cuja ocorrência suscitou a necessidade de ações de enfrentamento às situações de violação de direitos. Com a chegada dos anos de 1990, as medidas de enfrentamento passam a se concretizar também pela via do terceiro setor (ONG’s, associações, etc.), ao passo que ganham terreno as práticas de Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE) no Brasil. Enquanto alternativa de enfrentamento à exploração sexual infanto-juvenil, de cunho privado, o Projeto ViraVida (2008) foi pensado e implementado, voltado a oportunizar novos caminhos aos jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade social e vítimas de exploração sexual, em especial por meio do acesso ao mercado de trabalho. Nessa direção, o estudo ora apresentado teve como objetivo geral analisar a efetividade do Projeto ViraVida/Paraíba (Campina Grande e João Pessoa – PB), entre os anos 2010 a 2012. Em se tratando dos objetivos específicos, pretendeu-se traçar o perfil socioeconômico dos jovens egressos do Projeto ViraVida na Paraíba,  analisar as condições de inserção no mercado de trabalho desses jovens, bem como apreender os mecanismos de gestão utilizados pela equipe técnica do Projeto para o desenvolvimento das ações propostas. O enfoque foi dado por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quanti-qualitativa e de cunho exploratório, orientada pelo método crítico-dialético. Foram analisados os objetivos e metas estabelecidas pelo Projeto ViraVida no tocante à efetividade de suas ações voltadas à inserção profissional no mercado de trabalho, perpassadas pela alteração nas condições socioeconômicas dos jovens egressos, assim como os mecanismos utilizados pela gestão do Projeto para execução de tais ações. A amostra para a pesquisa foi composta por vinte e oito jovens egressos do Projeto em ambas as cidades e cinco profissionais da equipe técnica do mesmo. Como resultado principal é possível identificar que o referido Projeto, embora tenha se demonstrado efetivo no tocante à inserção profissional dos jovens, apresenta fragilidades no processo de operacionalização e no alcance das metas propostas.   

O fio condutor que deu origem a esse trabalho fundamenta-se na necessidade de trabalhar a transversalidade da categoria gênero com as demais categorias históricas que explicam as relações sociais, em que se desenvolvem os processos de trabalho onde se inserem as/os assistentes sociais, como a classe social, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Assistência Social no município de João Pessoa - PB. Desse modo,o processo de realização da pesquisa compreende agregar esforços intelectuais, priorizando a análise de como as contradições das relações sociais de gênero que permeiam o processo de expansão e precarização do trabalho das/dos assistentes sociais no SUAS em João Pessoa – PB, são determinadas e determinantes ao referido processo.Para tanto, os procedimentos metodológicos constituíram-se no aprofundamento em torno de temas como a divisão sexual do trabalho, patriarcado e hierarquia de gênero até a análise sobre o processo de constituição da profissão e o levantamento documental da realidade da assistência social no lócus da pesquisa - município de João Pessoa/PB. Realizou-se a coleta empírica por meio de entrevistas com amostra das/os assistentes sociais inseridos na atuação da política de assistência social do município, fundamentando-se no método crítico dialético para a análise da realidade social. Considerou-seque sujeito e objeto são duas dimensões de um mesmo processo, ou seja, não existem independentemente da atividade, da práxis, e se constroem de tal modo na e pela relação social, o que demonstra o caráter não estático do sujeito e, por conseguinte da construção do objeto de estudo, considerando que o sujeito integra e interage de maneira permanente na realidade objetiva na qual está inserido. Destaca-se que para entender o processo de expansão da política de Assistência Social e a precarização do trabalho a que as/os assistentes sociais estão submetidos, na referida política, faz-se necessário a discussão das contradições em torno da constituição das relações de gênero, como um ponto fundamental na configuração dos processos de trabalho onde estão inseridos/as os/as assistentes sociais. Uma das aproximações conclusivas evidencia a divisão sexual do trabalho, como uma questão preeminente no âmbito do cotidiano profissional, correlacionando os dados da pesquisa com a problemática da precarização do trabalho nos espaços socioocupacionais, no âmbito dos processos de trabalho.

No capitalismo contemporâneo a crise ambiental evidenciada pela profunda instabilidade da natureza que hora nos deparamos, tem sido alvo de debates que mobilizam amplos setores da sociedade em torno do desenvolvimento de estratégias para o seu enfrentamento, formando um movimento heterogêneo e multisetorial. É acima de tudo um movimento classista, posto que, as escolhas de avaliação do conflito ambiental redundam à própria posição de classe dos indivíduos. Por conseguinte, os interesses em conflito dessas classes. Entretanto, os problemas ambientais são alvos de discussões desde a década de 1970 no panorama mundial, quando cientistas e movimentos ecológicos denunciaram os impactos ambientais da produção nos moldes do capitalismo. Vimos se desdobrar daí conceitos oficiais sobre as concepções de desenvolvimento que passaram a incorporar as questões ambiental e social. Dando origem, por exemplo, ao conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Do desenvolvimento Sustentável à Economia Verde – conceito último que enfatiza o papel da economia para o enfrentamento da crise ambiental – as elites foram se colocando como a vanguarda para solucionar a problemática ambiental. Sem romper com os fundamentos estruturais do capital, os debates versam sobre a possibilidade de alinhamento das relações de reprodução do capitalismo com desenvolvimento sustentável. Em verdade, assistimos a um processo de mercantilização da natureza travestido de um discurso ideológico falacioso de inversão de valores do capital, de “ecologização”. Todavia, é sabido que o modo de produção capitalista transformou natureza e trabalho em mercadorias. A lógica produtivista do capital historicamente engendrou processos produtivos destrutivos para essas duas dimensões. De posse de todo conhecimento crítico acumulado sobre o capital, nossa pesquisa se propõe a problematizar as perspectivas ideopolíticas e econômicas obscurecidas no novo discurso hegemônico do “Capitalismo Verde” a partir das contradições históricas e concretas desse sistema. O Objetivo Geral do nosso trabalho é o de: “Analisar o “capitalismo verde” em suas dimensões sociopolítica, econômica e ideológica de maneira articulada situadas na realidade do Brasil”. Temos como objetivos específicos, respectivamente: problematizar a deterioração ambiental e as relações sociais do capitalismo; identificar o papel do Estado na relação com o capitalismo verde; analisar a contradição entre o discurso de compromisso com o desenvolvimento sustentável da empresa delimitada e suas relações de trabalho. Elegemos o Itaú Unibanco, grande empresa do setor financeiro brasileiro, reconhecida nacionalmente e internacionalmente que anuncia agregar à sua filosofia de gestão empresarial o comprometimento e a perspectiva de tornar-se líder em Performance Sustentável, com Responsabilidade Corporativa e Social, concomitante engendra relações de trabalho precarizadas, tendo sua lucratividade associada não somente aos produtos e serviços que lhes sustentam, mas e sobretudo, a uma política de corte de custos relativos ao trabalho. Nosso propósito é partir da realidade concreta onde se materializam as estratégias para manutenção do status quo, para identificar as contradições do “Capitalismo Verde”. Nossa pesquisa é quanti-qualitativa. Isso porque teórico-metodologicamente recorre a um arsenal de dados em documentos e na produção literária, especificamente de textos afinados com a perspectiva marxista, do campo do Serviço Social Brasileiro e áreas afins, bem como, a pesquisas quantitativas de órgãos voltados a este fim, para fundamentação da análise. Confrontamos as denúncias da classe trabalhadora organizada vinculada ao Itaú Unibanco com a visão institucional sobre o que denominam de “Performance Sustentável”. Partimos de pesquisas e publicações de iniciativa Confederação dos Trabalhadores do Ramo Financeiro – CONTRAF, em associação com o DIEESE e a Central Única dos Trabalhadores. Assim como, analisamos o Relatório Anual Consolidado 2013 do Itaú Unibanco. Nossa hipótese é de que o capital é incompatível com relações sustentáveis. Nossa pesquisa está vinculada a grande área: Sociabilidade, Serviço Social e Politica Social; e a linha de pesquisa “Serviço Social, Trabalho e Questão Social.

 O que nos conduziu desenvolver essa pesquisa foi o fato de que o estudo acerca da ética e sua importância para o Serviço Social brasileiro têm estimulado os assistentes sociais a aprofundar seus estudos e aproximá-la do cotidiano profissional em todo Brasil. As iniciativas de fomentar a discussão da temática são adensadas pelas publicações nos eventos (seminários, congressos, encontro nacionais do conjunto CFESS/CRESS[1], etc.), bem como na revisão do próprio código de ética e o processo de construção perene do Projeto Ético Político – PEP, da referida categoria. Nossa pesquisa se propôs a identificar e analisar as principais tendências ético-teórico-políticas presentes no debate da ética na produção intelectual do Serviço Social brasileiro no período de 2010 a 2012. Objetivamos neste trabalho, além de caracterizar e analisar o perfil dos trabalhos (temáticas, polêmicas, concepção de ética, contradições e limites); identificar e analisar a direção social e sua relação com os fundamentos teórico-ético-políticos do Projeto ético-político do Serviço Social; objetivando também, identificar e analisar como são incorporados, no debate da ética, os fundamentos ontológicos. Com essa dimensão, procedemos abordagem qualitativa numa análise documental onde elegemos como lócus da pesquisa os anais das últimas edições do CBAS e ENPESS 2010 e 2012, respectivamente. As análises são reveladoras do processo de apreensão, na categoria no âmbito da produção intelectual, da concepção de ética defendida no serviço social ao longo das últimas três décadas e que se orienta pela ontologia do ser social de Marx e Lukács. Nesse universo circulam as análises e elaborações em torno do PEP, relação teoria e prática, valores e dimensão ético-moral no cotidiano profissional, ética e direitos sociais e humanos, dentre outras determinantes que demandam ao Serviço Social Brasileiro.

Na medida em que a expansão das cidades ocorre cada vez mais empurrando e segregando a classe trabalhadora para as áreas periféricas, destituídas de serviços e de infraestrutura, o espaço urbano se constitui também como um espaço importante na luta de classe e, nessa direção, o presente trabalho visa analisar a organização política dos movimentos sociais urbanos e organizações populares existentes em Natal-RN, na contemporaneidade, nos seus processos de luta por direitos sociais, com ênfase no direito à cidade. Com essa dimensão, nos apropriamos das contribuições do materialismo histórico-dialético por entendermos que este referencial viabiliza a compreensão dos processos de organização coletiva numa perspectiva crítica e de totalidade, indo para além do seu aspecto imediato. Para a produção dos dados realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, por meio de entrevistas gravadas semi-estruturadas com os(as) dirigentes das organizações mapeadas em nossa pesquisa. Os resultados do estudo nos permitiram caracterizar a ação política dos movimentos urbanos de Natal na luta pelo reconhecimento e garantia do direito à cidade e apreender os avanços e entraves no processo de intervenção dos movimentos sociais e organizações populares existentes em Natal, evidenciando dilemas e contradições que perpassam os processos de organização e mobilização no período contemporâneo. Com isso, concluímos que no território natalense, tal como no Brasil contemporâneo, a questão urbana e a ação política dos movimentos que a evidenciam na cena pública se entrelaçam e necessariamente se relacionam com a tendência histórica que vem se apresentando desde os anos 1990, quando o país adentrou num período marcado por uma nova ofensiva burguesa.

Este trabalho discorre acerca do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos da criança e do adolescente (SGD) na intervenção nos casos de violência doméstica sexual infanto-juvenil, na cidade do Recife. É realizada uma análise do percurso (da trajetória) pelo qual circulam os casos de violência sexual, até a sua resolubilidade, no (SGD). Atualmente, a violência representa um grave problema de saúde pública. Refletiu-se sobre as dificuldades e os limites que tornam o SGD um campo cheio de contradições e desafios para efetivação dos direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes. Para tanto, verificou-se os atendimentos que são desenvolvidos pelo SGD, como está estruturado e articulado este sistema e como ocorre a resolução dos casos de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes. Foram utilizados procedimentos da pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, recorreu-se a observação, entrevista dirigida e análise de documentos. Desta forma, a pesquisa de campo se constituiu em visitas as seguintes instituições: Hospital da Restauração, Gerência de Polícia da Criança e do Adolescente (GPCA), três Conselhos Tutelares, Centro Dom Helder Câmara de Estudos e Ação Social (Cendhec) e o Juizado da Infância e Adolescência. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram alguns profissionais do SGD. A discussão teórica está pautada nas reflexões acerca dos direitos infanto-juvenis, na temática da violência e no processo de construção e institucionalização do SGD. Nesta experiência, percebeu-se que muitas são as dificuldades em atuar junto ao SGD, pois muitos são os entraves encontrados ao acionar os órgãos competentes, além da ocorrência da reincidência de alguns casos de violência. Este sistema não está totalmente institucionalizado e articulado, enfrenta problemas de cunho estrutural, material, pouca qualificação dos seus profissionais, poucos investimentos, baixo repasse de recursos públicos, dentre outras dificuldades, causando prejuízos diversos na implementação de políticas públicas que efetivem os direitos assegurados pela legislação em vigor.

A instrumentalidade é resultado da construção histórica do serviço social e está presente no cotidiano da profissão, fundamentalmente por essa ser integrante do processo de trabalho coletivo como profissão assalariada, revelando na dimensão técnico-operativa as apreensões teóricas – com os limites e possibilidades da formação acadêmica – bem como os objetivos políticos e o direcionamento ético, incutidos na prática do assistente social, no referente à utilização do seu instrumental técnico. Assim, a proposta desse projeto de pesquisa é investigar a instrumentalidade nos espaços sócio-ocupacionais em que se inserem os assistentes sociais, com recorte na cidade de Natal no Rio Grande do Norte, considerando essa como elemento importante para desvendar tanto a operacionalização dos instrumentos e técnicas de trabalho, os quais materializam a razão de ser do serviço social na sociedade, quanto a orientação teórica e crítica que subsidiam tais intervenções e delineiam as pretensões e projeções dos assistentes sociais. Não obstante, a instrumentalidade também propicia terreno fértil para a análise macrossocietária dos processos de trabalho em que se inscrevem os profissionais, contextualizando a sociedade capitalista contemporânea, o papel do Estado nessa sociedade, os rebatimentos para a questão social – presente nas intervenções como objeto do serviço social – e, para a política social. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa, cuja análise irá compor a dissertação de mestrado, busca alimentar a produção acadêmica e o debate acerca do trabalho do assistente social, bem como contribuir para o próprio exercício profissional, revelando como os profissionais articulam os instrumentos técnico-operativos como integrante da instrumentalidade.

A dissertação aborda o Serviço Social na educação em Natal/RN apreendendo e analisando as tendências dos perfis pedagógicos dos profissionais em seus diferentes espaços ocupacionais de ensino, incluindo instituições públicas, particulares e sem fins lucrativos. Para esta construção analisa-se o exercício profissional dos assistentes sociais nesses espaços, em que se originam e se encontram num cenário de interesses divergentes que convivem em plena tensão e luta de classes, cuja intervenção profissional se insere no movimento de reprodução das relações sociais. As instituições de ensino são espaços sócio-institucionais inseridos neste contexto e facilitadores para a compreensão dos perfis pedagógicos do assistente social, uma vez que o seu papel político e sua prática educativa definem com maior clareza as relações pedagógicas do assistente social. No processo de intervenção, o assistente social nestas instituições, se volta ao atendimento das condições materiais dos usuários – estudantes e suas necessidades transformadas em demanda e requisições - via os serviços sociais prestados por essas instituições, ao mesmo tempo, em que intervém na maneira de pensar e agir desses indivíduos envolvidos no seu cotidiano profissional na perspectiva de um direcionamento ideológico/político mediante ação educativa. Neste sentido, analisa-se o cotidiano profissional e seus determinantes a partir de um entendimento crítico, em função de compreender o exercício profissional no seu ambiente institucional, considerando o assistente social na condição de trabalhador assalariado e, a partir desta análise, compreender os perfis pedagógicos dos assistentes sociais construídos em seu entorno. A pesquisa não teve a intenção de apontar “modelos” de perfis pedagógicos, mas de apreender as tendências na profissão nesses espaços pedagógicos, a fim de fomentar o debate sobre a dimensão política/ideológica e educativa da profissão e do exercício profissional na educação em Natal/RN. Logo, foram apreendidas e analisadas via entrevista semi-aberta, que identificaram diversas tendências dos perfis pedagógicos caracterizados como de “ajuda, “participação” e de “emancipação”, de acordo com as condições institucionais, conjunturais e do próprio direcionamento profissional do assistente social, como também, na materialização do projeto ético/político da profissão. Ratifica-os, então, como um elemento importante de compreensão do exercício profissional do assistente social na educação e como um espaço rico de análise dos perfis pedagógicos do assistente social no fomento a produção acadêmica acerca do trabalho do assistente social na educação.

RESUMO: 

A presente dissertação versa sobre as condições e relações de trabalho a que estão submetidos os assistentes sociais que atuam no âmbito da política de assistência social, tomando como unidade de pesquisa os serviços socioassistenciais – CRAS e CREAS – nos municípios de pequeno porte I e II(Puxinanã, Pocinhos, Soledade, Queimadas e Boqueirão) localizados na região do agreste paraibano. Tem como objetivo trazer uma reflexão e uma análise crítica acerca dos principais determinantes e apontar os indicativos da precarização do trabalho na realidade do SUAS/2005, bem como refletir acerca das possibilidades e os desafios para a consolidação do projeto ético-político do Serviço Social no cotidiano da atuação profissional e, frente ao contexto de transformações no mundo do trabalho, na referida região. A assistência social ao longo da sua trajetória histórica sempre incorporou, enquanto espaço sociocupacional, a força de trabalho do(a) assistente social. Todavia, é a partir da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, que a assistência ganha status de política pública, passando a integrar o tripé da Seguridade Social, juntamente com as políticas de Saúde e Previdência.  Nos últimos anos essa política vem passando por um intenso processo de expansão e/ou centralidade, que a coloca “como mecanismo de enfrentamento das desigualdades, passando a mesma a se constituir como um fetiche social”(MOTA, 2008), e tornando-se responsável por responder as necessidades sociais dos(as) trabalhadores(as) que eram antes atendidas pelo trabalho. Nesse sentido, o  contexto de expansão da política de assistência social é influenciado pelas transformações macrossocietárias e, determinada pela implementação e hegemonia do neoliberalismo, sob a égide da construção de um Estado mínimo, voltado a atender aos interesses do grande capital em detrimento do social. Com isso, a área da assistência social que sempre se configurou como um importante campo de trabalho para os profissionais de Serviço Social passou, atualmente, a constituir-se como uma das áreas que mais empregam os(as) Assistentes Sociais, devido à ampliação desta política nos últimos anos, fruto do processo de descentralização. Nesse sentido, os fios que tecem a análise apresentada ao longo desse estudo apoiam-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental (base teórico-metodológica da investigação) articulada com reflexões que emergiram da pesquisa de campo (entrevistas gravadas semi-estruturadas com as assistentes sociais mapeadas nos respectivos municípios). A sistematização e análise dos dados sinalizam traços particulares e singulares que conformam as condições e relações de trabalho dos assistentes sociais que atuam na assistência social nos municípios do agreste paraibano, evidenciando os indicativos da precarização do trabalho no âmbito dessa política, determinada pela instabilidade, rotatividade, insegurança, baixos salários, infraestruturas precárias para a realização do serviço, demandas excessivas, entre outras. Tais condições expressam uma expansão precarizada dos serviços socioassistenciais, bem como do mercado de trabalho no âmbito dos municípios para os assistentes sociais.

A dissertação discorre acerca da educação superior na sociedade brasileira, ressaltando a luta da classe trabalhadora por acesso à universidade pública, bem como, as contradições implícitas nas medidas “inclusivas” adotadas pelas IES, com destaque para a assistência estudantil e as disputas sociais por concebê-la enquanto direito. O objetivo central deste trabalho constitui-se em apresentar analise da assistência estudantil nas universidades estaduais do Nordeste que adotam as cotas sociais como critério de acesso dos seus discentes, apresentando como lócus investigativo as seguintes universidades: UERN, UEPB, UPE, UENAL e UESPI. O trabalho apresenta resultados de um estudo qualitativo, com análise documental, baseado no materialismo histórico e dialético em que se realizou a leitura dos dados a partir das seguintes categorias analíticas: Educação superior (BEHRING E SANTOS, 2010; HIDALGO, 2008; LIMA, 2007; ORSO, 2008), Cotas sociais (Munanga, 2000; Kaufmann, 2007; Moehlecke 2002; Praxedes, 2003) e Assistência estudantil (Teixeira, 2010, ANDIFES, 2004). Como principais resultados, destaca-se que a implantação das cotas como mecanismo de acesso na educação superior não foi determinante para a forma de planejamento e execução da assistência estudantil nas universidades investigadas; é latente a heterogeneidade com que as universidades lidam com as ações de apoio à permanência discente, em que essa heterogeneidade, e variação na forma de condução e entendimento da assistência estudantil, refletem a falta de priorização com essas ações no contexto das IES; Os programas de apoio à permanência são concentrados nos campi centrais onde se situam as sedes administrativas das universidades, penalizando os estudantes matriculados nas unidades avançadas; Ainda destacamos que não há articulação entre os programas e projetos vinculados à assistência estudantil e as ações vinculadas ao ensino, pesquisa e extensão nas universidades investigadas, apresentando-se como ações isoladas e pontuais.

 Na contemporaneidade, em virtude da implantação do projeto neoliberal no qual se verifica a retração do Estado no tocante ao desenvolvimento das políticas sociais, observa-se uma nova forma de responder as expressões multifacetadas da questão social, qual seja o surgimento e expansão de um suposto “terceiro setor” na sociedade. Destarte, o processo de reestruturação produtiva tem provocado a precarização das relações de trabalho, bem como uma super exploração da força humana de trabalho, desencadeando também o desemprego estrutural. Estando pautado em interesses classistas, o surgimento do “terceiro setor” traz aspectos contraditórios para a sociedade, sendo um desses o próprio conceito de “terceiro setor”, mais ideológico do que real. Por buscar responder as expressões da questão social, demanda a intervenção de assistentes sociais nas instituições que o “compõem”. Dessa forma, surge o interesse em pesquisar quais são as atuais condições e relações de trabalho dos(as) assistente sociais que trabalham nas instituições do “terceiro setor” em Mossoró-RN. Sendo assim, esse estudo constitui-se em uma pesquisa para a conclusão do curso de mestrado em Serviço Social, na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Para tanto, elencou-se como objetivo geral da pesquisa identificar e analisar as condições e relações de trabalho das(os) assistentes sociais inseridas(os) nas instituições do “terceiro setor” em Mossoró-RN. E por objetivos específicos: mapear as instituições que fazem parte do “terceiro setor” na cidade de Mossoró, que possuem assistentes sociais em seu quadro profissional, a fim de traçar o perfil das mesmas; e, analisar os principais desafios apresentados ao trabalho das(os) assistentes sociais nessas instituições. Utilizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental a fim de iluminar o conhecimento da temática abordada e o desenvolvimento da pesquisa de campo, sendo que para a análise dos dados obtidos, por meio da pesquisa de campo, utilizou-se a abordagem quanti-qualitativa. Os resultados da pesquisa comprovaram que a metade das instituições se identificou como filantrópicas, e a maioria delas são financiadas pelo Governo federal e que tais organizações desenvolvem atividades nas diversas áreas, com destaque para saúde e assistência. No tocante as condições e relações de trabalho, teve destaque o fato de metade das profissionais se inserirem nas instituições por meio de indicação; com relação ao salário, 57,1% das profissionais recebem entre 3 e 4 salários mínimos, o que é considerado relativamente baixo. Foi satisfatória a análise relacionada aos direitos trabalhistas, pois quase todas dispõem de carteira assinada, o que garante, em boa medida, a efetivação de tais direitos. Já com relação à carga horária, 5 das 6 instituições efetivaram a Lei Nº 12.317/2010 garantindo 30 horas semanais para as assistentes sociais. Porém, foram muitos os desafios citados relacionando a realidade do “terceiro setor” às condições e relações de trabalho, dentre eles destaca-se: o atraso do salário e o não reajuste salarial; a realização de atividades que não se relacionam com as competências e atribuições profissionais; o desenvolvimento de muitas atividades por uma só profissional. Dois dados importantes são o não incentivo à pós-graduação e a cobrança do cumprimento das metas para a produtividade profissional. Aqui, cabe refletir que, embora esse estudo apresente elementos que proporcionam identificar alguns aspectos das condições e relações de trabalho de assistentes sociais no “terceiro setor” em Mossoró-RN, bem como alguns desafios que perpassam esse espaço de inserção profissional, entende-se que há muito para ser desvelado, e outros estudos podem posteriormente, fazê-lo na tentativa de uma melhor compreensão da complexidade dos processos que permeiam o “terceiro setor”.      

 O trabalho analisa o financiamento da Política de Saúde no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, partindo do pressuposto de que o SUS é “bombardeado” pelo ajuste fiscal, enquanto estratégia neoliberal de distanciar-se do princípio constitucional de manter recursos para uma saúde universal. A trajetória do financiamento do SUS exige a compreensão de dois princípios que são, essencialmente, contraditórios: o “princípio da universalidade”, que se caracteriza pela defesa intransigente dos fundamentos da Reforma Sanitária, e o “princípio da contenção dos gastos sociais”, articulado à política macroeconômica que vem sendo desenvolvida no Brasil desde a década de 1990 e que se consubstancia na década de 2000. Esse último defende a redução dos gastos sociais, a manutenção de superávit primário e a privatização dos serviços sociais públicos. Considerando essas determinações, o objetivo dessa pesquisa consistiu em trazer uma reflexão crítica acerca do financiamento da política de saúde no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte no período de 2004 a 2012. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, buscou-se analisar o planejamento orçamentário, previstos nas Leis de Diretrizes Orçamentárias (LDO) e nos Planos Plurianuais (PPA), investigando os relatórios do Tribunal de Contas do Estado do RN e levantando informações sobre receitas e despesas com saúde, disponibilizadas no Sistema de Informação Sobre Orçamento Público em Saúde (SIOPS). A análise dos dados obtidos, à luz do referencial teórico escolhido, revela tendências da configuração do orçamento público para a saúde no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, quais sejam: a ínfima participação da despesa com investimento na área da saúde, quando comparada a outros gastos, como o montante empregado em diárias e publicidade; a alta despesa em gastos com pessoal, especialmente pela contratação de cooperativas médicas; a forte dependência do Estado de receitas de transferências da União; a aplicação de recursos em ações de outra natureza, consideradas como saúde, a exemplo das despesas realizadas pela unidade orçamentária Central de Abastecimento S/A (CEASA) na função saúde e subfunção suporte profilático e terapêutico e no programa de farmácia popular. A partir de 2006, despesas referentes ao Regime Próprio da Previdência dos Servidores (RPPS) da área da saúde também vêm sendo consideradas como ações e serviços públicos de saúde para fins do limite constitucional, além de inconsistências nos PPAs com as ações efetivamente realizadas.

A conformação do sistema tributário e o destino do fundo público são determinados a partir da adoção da política econômica e das intenções políticas dos governos. No Brasil, a partir dos anos 1990, as medidas de ajuste determinadas pelos organismos financeiros internacionais, atendem as exigências do capitalismo contemporâneo na perspectiva de enfrentar a crise fiscal do Estado, a partir de políticas de austeridade fiscal e qualificação da arrecadação. As reformas, de orientação neoliberal, reforçam a injustiça fiscal e social que demarcam a natureza da estrutura tributária brasileira e, ainda, submetem as políticas sociais à lógica econômica, uma vez que privilegiam os interesses do grande capital em prejuízo das políticas de redistribuição de renda, promovendo o desfinanciamento das políticas sociais e, especificamente, da Seguridade Social. O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e discutir a conformação do sistema tributário no Brasil, enfocando a formação e o destino do fundo público e suas implicações para o conjunto da sociedade e para a Seguridade Social. Enfatiza o direcionamento regressivo e perverso da política tributária em curso, as fontes de receitas e a natureza dos gastos sociais do governo, levando em consideração os determinantes da política macroeconômica. Destaca, ainda, as implicações sobre o financiamento da Seguridade Social, cujos efeitos interferem diretamente na qualidade dos serviços públicos e, sobretudo, na negação e violação de direitos fundamentais. O estudo, fundamentado numa perspectiva de totalidade, confronta os elementos formais com a efetiva aplicação e comportamento dos gastos para as políticas de saúde, assistência e previdência social, denunciando a contradição dessa relação e a direção da política econômica e social assumida pelos governos FHC e Lula. A pesquisa evidencia o alargamento da injustiça fiscal e social, dado pela política de ajuste fiscal, requisitada pelas demandas do capital, que aumenta a carga tributária indireta e constrange os gastos sociais visando, sobretudo, a monetarização do Estado e a elevação do superávit primário. Aponta para o desmonte do sistema de Seguridade Social através do ataque ao seu orçamento, com o corte sistemático de suas receitas. Conclui-se, portanto, que as determinações do capital, expressas através das agendas macroeconômicas neoliberais, requisitam do Estado a adoção de medidas de ajuste, que atendam os interesses de rentabilidade econômica. Desse modo, os caminhos do fundo público e a perversa política tributária, que demarcam as opções políticas dos governos brasileiros, têm-se constituído como instrumentos que promovem e alargam os desequilíbrios de renda e as desigualdades de classe.

A problemática que confere contornos a esta pesquisa é a questão do processo histórico de desmobilização dos movimentos das classes trabalhadoras. Seu objeto de estudo, no entanto, e o que lhe particulariza, diz respeito a uma parcela desta problemática; trata de um conjunto de determinações forjadas e mediadas pelas estratégias burguesas de gerência para a conformação das circunstâncias necessárias à dominação e à condução das forças de trabalho em suas operações nos processos de trabalho para a produção da mais-valia em sua variante material. O que investigamos são, pois, as estratégias de desarticulação de que a burguesia se utiliza, sob o manto dos subsídios conceituais e interventivos da sua gerência nos processos de trabalho e o crivo das lutas de classes, para obstaculizar a união dos trabalhadores; estorvar os movimentos proletários. Estratégias gerenciais que, intencionalmente ou não, incutem nas relações sociais de produção meios de produzir e reproduzir, ativar e reativar, condições de incitamento do individualismo e da concorrência entre os próprios trabalhadores. Veremos, assim, por meio da análise, centralmente, das estratégias fundamentais da gerência burguesa e seus fundamentos, que se hegemonizaram com a reestruturação produtiva de 1970, que a desarticulação, e também a desmobilização, é uma condição concreta, é uma condição objetiva, que está para além de uma questão que pode ser "resolvida" apenas com o esclarecimento cognitivo, apenas com a formação intelectiva crítica. No cotidiano dos espaços de trabalho perpassados pelas estratégias gerenciais burguesas existem elementos, então, que operam como uma força material colocando importantes dificuldades à articulação dos trabalhadores, à solidariedade do proletariado; elementos que põem significativos empecilhos a uma consciência e pertencimento de classe; elementos que agem em favor da atomização do trabalhador – ainda que engendre, no mesmo processo, como uma contradição, potencialidades de resistência e luta às forças do trabalho.

A dissertação ora apresentada gesta-se do interesse de analisar a atuação do Estado, através da materialização dos cursos profissionalizantes, no processo de inserção dos usuários do CRAS-Pajuçara na informalidade. Para tanto, partimos da premissa que a pobreza e a desigualdade social atingem uma parcela significativa da população mundial, num contexto em que a família da classe trabalhadora é vista como uma das alternativas para o enfrentamento das múltiplas expressões da questão social. Assim, frente às mudanças da Reestruturação Produtiva, marcada pela flexibilização, terceirização e precarização das relações do mundo do trabalho, a família da classe trabalhadora deve encontrar saídas para garantir a sua sobrevivência. Nessa direção, discutimos os avanços, limites e desafios postos à Política de Assistência Social na contemporaneidade, situando neste contexto, a atuação do Estado. Além disso, debatemos a funcionalidade da informalidade para o sistema capitalista, mostrando como o capital se apropria do trabalho informal, inserindo-o na sua lógica, e assim, torna a relação capital-trabalho cada vez mais predatória, desumana e desigual. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados para elaboração desse estudo se constituem de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além de 10 entrevistas semi-estruturadas direcionadas aos usuários do CRAS-Pajuçara, partícipes dos cursos profissionalizantes, no período de 2010-2011. À luz da racionalidade crítico-dialética, e num contexto em que o trabalho informal tem sido cada vez mais cooptado como alternativa ao desemprego descomunal, na mesma direção, em que a assistência social se eleva no enfrentamento à desigualdade social, o escopo desse estudo, discute e desvela as verdades e equívocos que circundam este discurso burguês, em tempos de crise do capital, no município de Natal-RN.

A presente dissertação apreende e analisa as condições e relações de trabalho do Assistente Social, inserido no espaço sócio-ocupacional da SEMTAS - Secretaria Municipal de Trabalho e Assistência Social, em um contexto de afirmação e expansão da Politica de Assistência Social após a criação do SUAS - Sistema Único de Assistência Social. Constata-se que essa expansão do mercado de trabalho do assistente social, dentre outros trabalhadores do SUAS, configura-se num cenário de precarização estrutural do trabalho apresentada sob diversas manifestações, entre elas a flexibilização/precarização e a sua principal dimensão, a terceirização e o desemprego estrutural. Uma conjuntura de crise estrutural do capital, demarcada desde os anos de 1970 do século XX, expressas nas transformações ocorridas no mundo do trabalho em face da reestruturação produtiva, sob a acumulação flexível, uma  nova (re) organização do trabalho e da produção, processada conforme programática neoliberal, num cenário de contrarreforma do Estado brasileiro, máximo para as classes dominantes e mínimas para as classes subalternas. É nesse contexto de flexibilização, desregulamentação e intensificação do trabalho, que o Assistente Social, trabalhador assalariado, desenvolve seu trabalho profissional, no enfrentamento das diversas e complexas manifestações da questão social. Portanto, em face da expansão do mercado de trabalho para o assistente social, questiona-se nesse estudo: em que medida as condições e relações de trabalho deste profissional nos CREAS-Centro de Referência Especializado da Assistência Social, no município de Natal, têm se revelado precarizadas? Assim a partir da realização da pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, fundamentada por uma perspectiva crítico-dialética e tendo como sujeitos da pesquisa, os assistentes sociais que atuam nos CREAS, após análise das entrevistas semi-estruturadas e da observação, confirmou-se e revelou-se a precarização das condições e relações de trabalho do Assistente Social no campo da assistência social. Destacam-se dentre os resultados obtidos, as formas de precarização expressas: a) na vulnerabilidade das formas de inserção e desigualdades sociais; b) na intensificação do trabalho e terceirização; c) na perda das identidades individual e coletiva; d) na fragilização da organização dos trabalhadores. Note-se a inserção do profissional configura-se numa cultura do trabalho que degrada o homem e a natureza, que se contrapõe ao projeto ético-político profissional, como também a um projeto de sociedade emancipatória e a violação de direitos humanos ao qual o assistente social também é submetido.

As normativas legais de crianças e adolescentes têm acarretado mudanças de paradigmas institucionais, principalmente no cumprimento das diretrizes trazidas pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (1990) e pela Lei Orgânica da Assistência Social (LOAS), as quais impõem a excepcionalidade e a provisoriedade no acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes em instituições, priorizando a implementação de Políticas de apoio a família tendo o Estado à atribuição de fornecer às mesmas as condições mínimas para que possam exercer suas responsabilidades parentais. Porém, ainda encontramos grande número de adolescentes que permaneceram sob a responsabilidade do Estado durante muito tempo e com a chegada à maioridade são “desligados” dos serviços de acolhimento. É diante dessa realidade que o estudo tem o objetivo central de analisar o processo de desligamento e as perspectivas vivenciadas pelos adolescentes acolhidos no Programa Aldeias Infantis SOS de Natal diante dos marcos legais dos direitos da criança e do adolescente.

Nas políticas de saúde do Brasil, o processo de descentralização das responsabilidades da gestão do SUS para as três esferas de governo tem impulsionado a criação e regulamentação das auditorias em serviços de saúde no Sistema Nacional de Auditoria. Isso constitui uma tendência da política neoliberal imposta pelos organismos internacionais como Banco Mundial e FMI aos países periféricos caracterizado pela reestruturação produtiva e a reforma do Estado incide na presença de dois projetos em disputa na área da saúde: o Projeto de Reforma Sanitária que tem como base o Estado Democrático de Direito com a premissa da saúde enquanto direito social e dever do Estado, na defesa da ampliação da conquista dos direitos e democratização do acesso aos serviços de saúde, garantido através das estratégias de financiamento público efetivo e da descentralização das decisões perpassadas pelo controle social; e o Projeto Privatista de Saúde que tem por base o Estado mínimo, com diminuição dos gastos sociais ou através de parcerias e privatizações, fortalecimento do terceiro setor, condicionado aos interesses capitalistas, efetiva-se através das estratégias de focalização das políticas de saúde e a re-filantropização das ações. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo consiste numa análise sobre o trabalho do assistente social nas auditorias públicas de saúde no RN a partir de uma abordagem quali-quantitativa, consubstanciada pelo método crítico dialético da teoria social marxista que nos permitiu desvelar a caracterização, as demandas, os desafios e traçar o perfil profissional do assistente social inserido nas equipes de auditorias do SUS no RN, como também forneceu elementos para demonstrar as perspectivas e possibilidades dessa área de atuação do assistente social. Constatou-se também que é através dos trabalhos de auditoria que o Estado cumpre seu papel burocrático e regulador dos serviços de saúde com eficácia, eficiência e economicidade. No entanto, paradoxalmente, as auditorias do SUS podem representar um instrumento de efetivação de direitos e garantia dos princípios fundamentais contidos no projeto de reforma sanitária, pois tanto pode se configurar num espaço de lutas políticas quanto representa um novo campo de produção de conhecimento que precisa ser apropriado por um referencial teórico crítico capaz de redirecionar os interesses sociais em favor do usuário. Nessa perspectiva, conclui-se também que o trabalho do assistente social nas auditorias públicas de saúde no RN apesar da relevância social que imprime, por se constituir uma atividade de estudo da realidade e proposição de sua transformação, requer uma ação política transformadora pautada no debate teórico marxista que sustenta o projeto ético político profissional do Serviço Social.

Este trabalho teve como proposta a realização de um estudo sobre a Extensão Universitária, tomando como referência para pesquisa as ações extensionistas na área temática direitos humanos e justiça, desenvolvidas no período de 2008 a 2010 na UFRN. Para tanto, buscou conhecer as concepções de extensão no Brasil a partir da década de 70 até a contemporaneidade. Neste estudo foi considerado o contexto social neoliberal em que está inserida a Universidade, numa conjuntura de políticas educacionais centrada na hegemonia das idéias liberais sobre a sociedade, como reflexo do grande avanço do capital sobre a organização dos trabalhadores nas últimas décadas, intensificado nos anos 90. Dentre as motivações para este estudo esteve o ensejo de apreender qual e/ou como, se estabelece o compromisso das instituições públicas de ensino superior com as camadas menos favorecidas da sociedade e que segundo NOGUEIRA (2001) a Extensão é, resgatada como meio pelo qual a Universidade vai cumprir sua função social. Para o presente estudo delimitou-se como objetivo geral, analisar na dinâmica da universidade às ações de extensão universitária, na perspectiva da formação cidadã e como espaço de compromisso social da universidade com a sociedade na atual conjuntura neoliberal. Numa perspectiva crítica esta pesquisa buscou investigar e conhecer na realidade social o objeto central deste estudo, com vista a apreender a necessidade de um novo processo de ensino/aprendizagem, de uma nova prática universitária com a finalidade de promover efetivamente uma formação acadêmica cidadã. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa com docentes, discentes e comunidade externa envolvidos em ações de extensão no período delimitado pela pesquisa, onde foi observado que a atividade acadêmica de extensão universitária é imprescindível para a formação acadêmica cidadã, bem como teve seu reconhecimento como espaço privilegiado para universidade realizar o seu compromisso social junto à sociedade, uma vez que une o saber científico e o popular na perspectiva da construção de um novo conhecimento e da transformação social.

Este trabalho constitui-se de um estudo teórico empírico sobre o trabalho informal feminino, em especifico aquele denominado de camelô. O objetivo central foi investigar as relações e condições de trabalho das mulheres que desenvolvem esse trabalho no centro comercial do Alecrim,Natal/RN,em tempos de mundialização capitalista, por consideramos esse espaço comercial como importante lócus da dinâmica das práticas capitalista com ênfase para a circulação e distribuição das mercadorias  em sua dimensão local. Para tanto caracterizamos o comércio de rua do referido bairro com ênfase para a atividade de camelô, identificando os produtos comercializados, as trajetórias de inserção das trabalhadoras informais, apresentando os determinantes de adesão da força de trabalho feminino ao mercado informal. O recorte temporal foi delimitado a partir dos anos 1990, até a primeira década dos anos 2000 em decorrência do conjunto de mudanças no mundo do trabalho verificadas nesse período. Entre elas a precarização do trabalho, o desemprego estrutural, a reestruturação produtiva que se configuram como um sistema de determinações interativas do capital e que tem contribuído para o aumento considerado da superpopulação relativa excedente, impulsionando essa massa de sobrantes para situações de trabalhos, caracterizadas pela extrema precariedade, dentre as quais encontramos as atividades informais. Para apreender tal realidade, tivemos como direcionamento a teoria social crítica, ancorada no materialismo histórico-dialético, que possibilitou numa dimensão de totalidade, nos aproximar sucessivamente do real, e apreender o fenômeno investigado. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa, possibilitando o aprofundamento da análise do objeto estudado. Recorremos à literatura especializada da área, a partir de autores clássicos e contemporâneos. Realizou-se também a observação sistemática, mapeamento dos principais pontos de comércio informal para escolha dos sujeitos da entrevista, com posterior análise dos dados. As apreciações das entrevistas indicaram que a realidade natalense está em conformidade com a realidade mundial e nacional, sendo verificado o aprofundamento das condições precárias de trabalho, a dupla exploração do trabalho feminino, a apropriação do discurso da autonomia pelas mulheres-camelô, e a quase ausência de perspectivas (ou aspiração) de inserção no mercado formal ou de melhoria nas condições de trabalho desenvolvidas na rua.

Esta pesquisa buscou investigar as determinações que incidem na configuração do atual espaço sócio-ocupaci