Preparation of ZSM-5 (MFI) zeolite from industrial waste and study of the adsorption of Sotolon, 2-aminoacetophenone, and 4-ethylphenol in aqueous solution.
zeolites; materials; ash; sotolon; crystallinity
The search for the use of renewable energy in recent years has led to an exponential increase in the production of solar panels. Associated with this solar panel production is the production of large quantities of a silicon (Si)-based residue, which contains a high amount of SiO2 (~95%). Therefore, this residue is a promising material for synthesizing Si-based materials, such as zeolites. The synthesis of zeolitic materials from residues is a well-known and promising field, encompassing studies using fly ash, lithium ore, clays, and other materials. Furthermore, with the discovery of pre-salt reserves, the search for technologies and methodologies that aid the exploration, extraction, separation, and purification of petroleum-derived products has increased significantly. Furthermore, applications in selective phenol adsorption processes for the enhancement of fermented wine beverages have also increased. In this context, zeolites behave like molecular sieves that can separate molecules of different sizes, thus gaining prominence in numerous industrial processes. To add value to Si residue from solar panel processing through the synthesis of zeolitic materials widely used industrially and promising for new processes, this work aims to study the synthesis of MFI-type zeolites using residual ash from solar panel manufacturing as a silicon source. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface analysis (BET method). To better study the crystallization of this zeolite using this type of residue, a study was carried out on the presence of the structure-directing agent (TPAOH) and the dissolution time of the silicon source used, generating 4 conditions (Z5L 2H, Z5LT 2H, Z5LT 7H and Z5LT 24H). Crystallization was evaluated by comparing the intensity value of the XRD peaks of each sample with the standard to determine the relative crystallinity, where the sample with 30 h of crystallization in an oven at 180°C in the Z5LT 7H condition presented a higher percentage of crystallinity (69%). Furthermore, it was possible to observe that, for the ZSM-5 zeolite using Liasa ash, stirring times above 7 h do not favor the crystal formation process, decreasing its crystallinity and consequently its properties of interest. In the phenol adsorption tests, the ZSM-5 zeolite proved to be somewhat ineffective in removing sotolon and AAP (aminoacetophenone), however, it proved to be a promising material in the adsorption of 4-ethylphenol, with the sample with the highest crystallinity (69%) presenting a better adsorption value compared to the standard.