Analysis of the Effect of Multifaceted Interventions to Reduce Falls in a Teaching Hospital: A Quality Improvement Cycle
Keywords: Accidental Falls; Patient Safety; Quality Improvement; Risk
Assessment.
Introduction: Falls among hospitalized patients are one of the most frequent
and potentially preventable adverse events in healthcare settings, being
associated with physical harm, prolonged hospital stay, increased healthcare
costs, and negative impacts on patients’ and families’ perception of safety. In
teaching hospitals, characterized by high care complexity, diverse clinical
profiles, and high staff turnover, fall prevention becomes even more
challenging, particularly due to variability in adherence to preventive practices,
even in the presence of institutional protocols and validated instruments.
Objective: To analyze the effect of a quality improvement cycle on the
reduction of falls in medical and surgical inpatient units of a teaching hospital in
the state of Ceará, Brazil. Methods: This is a mixed-methods study. The
qualitative phase, based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation
Research (CFIR), aims to identify barriers and facilitators related to adherence
to fall prevention measures, with emphasis on daily risk assessment using the
Morse Fall Scale and systematic guidance for patients and caregivers. This
phase will be conducted using an electronic self-administered semi-structured
instrument applied to nursing professionals. The quantitative phase consists of
a quasi-experimental before-and-after study, structured within a quality
improvement cycle, following SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines. Data collection will
include audits of anonymized secondary databases, non-participant direct
observation with application of the Morse Fall Scale, and analysis of fall-related
notifications recorded in VIGIHOSP. Data will be analyzed using descriptive
statistics, with 95% confidence intervals and comparison between pre- and
post-intervention periods. Expected results: The study is expected to identify
organizational, professional, and process-related determinants that influence
adherence to fall prevention practices, as well as to demonstrate improvements
in compliance with quality criteria related to risk assessment, patient guidance,
and implementation of preventive measures. Additionally, the study may
contribute to improving care process control, strengthening patient safety
culture, and enhancing the quality of care in high-complexity hospital settings.