Digital Twins and Industry 4.0 in Education: A Proposal for a Low-Cost Platform for Developing Robotics Skills
Digital Twins; Educational Robotics; Industry 4.0; Low Cost; STEM.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution has imposed significant challenges on education, requiring mastery of complex technologies such as Digital Twins (DT) and cyber-physical systems. However, the high cost of commercial robotics kits limits the democratization of these tools in robotics education and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. This work aims to develop a low-cost web architecture for the implementation of interactive Digital Twins, using the open-source URA robot as a physical platform. The proposed solution integrates affordable hardware based on the ESP32 microcontroller, the MQTT communication protocol for near real-time synchronization, and a web interface developed with React and Three.js for three-dimensional visualization. In its current qualification stage, the project has reached the functional prototype phase, with preliminary results attesting to the technical feasibility of synchronization between the physical and digital layers. It is expected that the developed platform will contribute to the development of skills aligned with the principles of Industry 4.0, highlighting its potential as a tool to support active and accessible learning in the context of Educational Robotics.