A Goertzel Algorithm-Based Current Signature Analysis Method for Slip Ring Fault Identification in Doubly-Fed Induction Generators
Wind Power Generation; DFIG; Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA); Slip Ring Faults; Goertzel Algorithm.
In recent years, the deployment of renewable energy sources has significantly increased worldwide, with wind energy playing a prominent role in this transition. Wind energy conversion systems are commonly implemented using Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs), Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs), or Squirrel-Cage Induction Generators (SCIGs). Among these technologies, DFIG-based wind turbines have attracted considerable attention because their back-to-back power converter processes only a fraction of the machine's rated power, thereby reducing converter losses and overall system cost. Despite these advantages, DFIGs are susceptible to several electrical faults, particularly those associated with the rotor slip rings. Such faults can be diagnosed using Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) techniques, with spectral analysis based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) being the most widely adopted approach. However, the Goertzel algorithm represents a computationally efficient alternative for extracting specific spectral components without computing the entire frequency spectrum. This work proposes a Goertzel algorithm-based method for identifying spectral components associated with rotor slip ring faults in DFIGs. The proposed identification system dynamically computes the characteristic fault frequencies according to the generator operating conditions and continuously monitors their amplitudes using the Goertzel algorithm, enabling the detection of incipient faults. Slip ring faults are emulated by introducing an asymmetry in the rotor resistance of the DFIG. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in identifying spectral components associated with rotor asymmetry. Furthermore, comparisons with conventional current signature analysis techniques show that, for the investigated application, the proposed approach eliminates the need to compute the complete frequency spectrum by processing only the spectral components of interest, thereby significantly reducing the computational burden.