Case-based learning as a strategy for integrating knowledge in the Clinical Analysis internship at a University Hospital
Active Learning; Teaching Hospital; Clinical Pathology; Interdisciplinary Placement.
The curricular internship in Clinical Analysis at Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL) is organized by sectors, reflecting the fragmentation of the undergraduate curriculum. This hinders the integration of knowledge essential to professional practice. In response to this challenge, case-based learning (CBL) emerges as a promising pedagogical strategy to promote interdisciplinarity and the development of clinical-laboratory reasoning. Objective: This study aimed to understand how Pharmacy and Biomedicine undergraduate students perceive the impact of the CBL methodology on their curricular internship in terms of developing skills for professional practice. Method: A mixed-methods case study was conducted. Two interdisciplinary clinical cases (diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease) were validated by clinical analysts and applied to 13 participants divided into two groups. Students’ perceptions about their experiences were assessed using a structured questionnaire with a Likert scale and open-ended questions, as well as a focus group. The data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and thematic-categorical content analysis. Results: Participants reported an extremely positive experience with CBL. They perceived the methodology as a stimulus for critical thinking, knowledge integration, and interprofessional collaboration between courses. Initial insecurity was overcome, creating an environment of trust that promoted active participation, as encouraged by the facilitators. Students highlighted the development of technical and social skills, and they unanimously advocated for the permanent implementation of CBL as an internship activity. Conclusions: CBL is a viable and effective strategy for promoting knowledge integration in the Clinical Analysis internship and preparing future professionals for the complex challenges of laboratory practice.