Invisible Lives, Real Challenges: Inequalities in Access to Health Care for Homeless People
Strategies, Perceptions, and Innovations for Humanized Care in the Municipality of Natal
“Housed Persons”; “Equity in Access to Health Services”; “Primary Health Care”; “Humanization of Assistance”
Introduction: The homeless population faces compromised health in all dimensions, exposed to conditions that exacerbate vulnerabilities, premature mortality, and barriers to accessing health services, requiring intersectoral actions. Restrictions on access to healthcare for the homeless range from structural issues, such as lack of documentation, to symbolic barriers, including stigmatization, prejudice, and discrimination by professionals and society. Understanding and addressing the difficulties of healthcare access for the homeless population requires a combination of institutional, scientific, and social efforts. Objectives: To evaluate the quality of healthcare access for the homeless population in the municipality of Natal; To analyze the factors that contribute to inequalities in healthcare access for homeless people in the municipality of Natal; To deepen the understanding of professional practices, perceptions, and challenges faced by both healthcare workers and homeless people seeking access to healthcare in Natal; To present coping strategies to reduce inequalities in healthcare for the homeless population. Method: This is an applied study with a mixed methodology, integrating quantitative and qualitative techniques. The quantitative component considers sociodemographic data, such as age, gender, and health needs, extracted from reports from the electronic medical record system (PEC esus), outlining the objective profile of the group. The qualitative axis, based on the frameworks of Basic Qualitative Research (BQR), is structured with theoretical bases, in constructivism and pragmatism, valuing the narratives of the participants collected in focus groups to deepen the understanding of the experiences and meanings attributed to access to health. Data triangulation is used to enrich the analysis, which will be conducted through thematic analysis and the Theory of Intersectionality.
The dialogue between different approaches will allow for a greater understanding of the phenomenon studied. The study must be evaluated by the Research Ethics Committee – CEP, ensuring the principles of privacy and confidentiality for the participants. It is expected that the feedback from this research will provide tools for developing inventive practices, questioning the positions and automatic behaviors that are reproduced in these interprofessional and interpersonal relationships, contributing to the improvement of professional practices and consequently the care offered to healthcare professionals.