Resisting to Persist: Care Work and Challenges to Retention for Female Social Work Students at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
Care Work; Student Retention; Patriarchy; Racism; Colonial-Capitalism.
This dissertation aims to analyze how gender inequalities—intertwined with race and class dynamics—affect the retention and academic trajectories of women in Brazilian higher education, considering the centrality of care work and the historical appropriation of reproductive labor within a capitalist, patriarchal, and racialized social order. It proceeds from the understanding that the responsibilities socially assigned to women regarding the domestic sphere and caregiving constitute structural elements of social inequality, directly impacting their opportunities for access, retention, and degree completion. The research is grounded in historical-dialectical materialist and decolonial perspectives, recognizing that Brazilian social formation is shaped by the consolidation of patriarchal, racist, and colonial-capitalist relations that organize the sexual and racial division of labor and sustain historical mechanisms of exploitation and marginalization. In this context, the study examines how the naturalization of caregiving as a female duty affects students' academic experiences, particularly given the burden of balancing productive labor, reproductive labor, family responsibilities, and education. It also discusses the specific historical and social characteristics of the Brazilian university system, addressing the structural limits to democratic access and the challenges of student retention in a context marked by profound social inequalities. Furthermore, the study analyzes the role of student assistance policies and contemporary debates regarding national care policies and the family as key strategies for addressing gender inequalities in academia—especially concerning the material and social conditions required for women to remain in university. Methodologically, this is a mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) study based on a literature review and the analysis of secondary data from institutions such as the IBGE, PNAD Contínua, and DIEESE, as well as government agencies; it seeks to link social indicators to the historical and structural factors that shape the reality of women in Brazilian higher education.