TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT AND SOLIDARITY ECONOMY: AGROFORESTRY AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION STRATEGY IN DRY REGIONS OF MASSINGA/MOZAMBIQUE.
Keywords: Agroforestry; Solidarity Economy; Development; Sustainability; Environmental Adaptation; Mozambique.
This thesis presents an in-depth critical reflection on the role of agroforestry as an environmental
adaptation strategy in semi-arid territories, with a particular focus on the Massinga district in
Mozambique. The study is grounded in the interconnection among agroecology, solidarity
economy, and sustainable territorial development, seeking to elucidate the complex articulations
of these approaches in constructing production systems that foster resilience, social inclusion,
and environmental regeneration. The investigation adopts a mixed-methods approach,
characterized by its qualitative and applied nature, with an exploratory and descriptive design.
The technical arsenal employed included an extensive literature review, in-depth documentary
analysis, semi-structured interviews, direct participant observation, and the use of participatory
methodologies such as the Rapid Participatory and Emancipatory Diagnosis. Data coherence and
validity were reinforced by an ethnographic approach deeply rooted in fieldwork, allowing for a
holistic understanding of the phenomena under study. Preliminary, yet robust, results indicate
that in contexts severely impacted by prolonged drought periods, such as Massinga, agroforestry
practices acquire unquestionable strategic relevance. The synergistic integration of food crops
with native drought-resistant tree species proves to be not only fundamental for the regeneration
and maintenance of local ecosystems but also for the multifaceted valorization of women
farmers' roles and for the dynamization and strengthening of local solidarity economy networks,
which promote community autonomy and empowerment. The approach proposed by this thesis
is fully consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, notably
SDG 2 (Zero Hunger and Sustainable Agriculture), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and
Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Additionally, it aligns with the guiding principles of
the African Union's Agenda 2063, which aims for the construction of a prosperous and peaceful
Africa. Thus, the work proposes concrete pathways for building a more just, sustainable, and
resilient future on the African continent.