Use of LC3 as an alternative material to Portland cement class G for plugging operations
alternative cement; rheological parameters; permanent grouting; supplementary cementitious materials; Portland cement Class G
The plugging and permanent abandonment of oil wells pose a challenge for the oil and gas industry due to the risks of leaks and environmental impacts. This study investigated the performance of an alternative cementitious system, Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC³), compared with Portland Class G cement through partial cement replacement. Different LC³ formulations were developed, varying the cement replacement content between 40% and 60%, with a metakaolin/limestone ratio of 2:1 and a water/blend factor (FAB) of 0.51. The samples were cured in a thermostatic bath at 60 °C and evaluated for rheological, mechanical, and microstructural properties at 24 hours, 3, 7, and 28 days. The results show that all LC3 blends achieved compressive strengths exceeding the reference, 20.2 MPa, within 24 h, meeting the minimum requirements to consider cement as a physical barrier, as defined in API Standard 65-2 (2010). On the other hand, according to Alberta – Directive 020 (2017), the minimum requirement would be approximately 3.5 MPa after 48 hours of curing. At 28 days, the LC3-50 and LC3-55 formulations showed average strengths of 34.8 MPa and 36.6 MPa, respectively, representing approximately a 23% increase over the reference paste (29 MPa). In addition to replacing cement, LC3 formulations had a lower density than the reference paste, reducing cement consumption per unit volume. Thus, LC³ demonstrated formulations with low densities and the potential to partially replace Portland Class G cement, ensuring adequate mechanical performance and contributing to reducing the carbon footprint in permanent well abandonment operations.