Feasibility of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Application in Earth Dams: A Case Study of the Santa Cruz do Trairi Dam, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Old dams; Geophysics; Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR); Structural stability; Non-destructive investigation.
Dams of older design, especially those constructed between the 1950s and 1980s, often lack complete technical documentation, such as detailed records of design, construction, and maintenance. The absence of such information creates uncertainty regarding their structural and operational behavior over time, making these structures more vulnerable to problems that may evolve into incidents, accidents, or disasters. Geophysics provides well-established methods for non-destructive, non-invasive, and low-cost investigation. To support these statements, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys were carried out using a 200 MHz central frequency antenna on an earth dam with a history of structural failure, the Santa Cruz do Trairi Public Reservoir, located in the municipality of Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The investigation consisted of acquiring 13 (thirteen) GPR profiles, subdivided into 43 (forty-three) segments distributed along the upstream face, downstream face, and dam crest, in addition to 10 (ten) segments on the downstream slope and 8 (eight) transverse profiles on the same slope, including one profile positioned at the toe (profile 9). The profiles were integrated with georeferenced and aerophotogrammetric data. The GPR results allowed data acquisition over large areas without affecting structural stability or requiring physical intervention, demonstrating partial feasibility, especially in identifying homogeneous zones, such as compacted clay layers, which showed continuous and coherent responses in the profiles.