Influence of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose on the thermomechanical properties of lightweight mortar with expanded polystyrene powder
Lightweight mortar, thermal insulation, energy efficiency, EPS, HPMC
With the growing demand for energy efficiency, the construction sector has encouraged the adoption of innovative materials to reduce energy consumption, particularly in coatings applied to building envelopes that rely on air conditioning systems to maintain indoor thermal comfort. A promising alternative is the incorporation of industrial waste, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), into mortars. In addition to contributing to sustainability by preventing the improper disposal of these residues, EPS acts as a lightweight aggregate, whose polymeric nature reduces the material's bulk density and enhances thermal and acoustic insulation due to its porous morphology. In this study, a reference mortar with a 1:3 mix ratio (cement: sand) was formulated, where natural sand was partially replaced with EPS powder in proportions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% to assess the impact of this modification on mechanical and thermal properties. Additionally, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a cellulose ether-based additive, was incorporated to optimize thermal insulation, increase water retention, improve workability, and ensure the stability of the mixture, preventing EPS segregation and mortar bleeding. Tests were conducted in both fresh and hardened states to determine the mechanical properties and thermal insulation capacity of the mortars. Furthermore, microstructural analyses were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), enabling a detailed investigation of the interaction between EPS and the cement matrix. These analyses revealed how this combination influences the thermo-mechanical properties of the mortars, providing valuable insights into the material's behavior and performance.