OCCLUSAL AND DENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN WITH ZIKA VIRUS-ASSOCIATED MICROCEPHALY DURING THE MIXED DENTITION PHASE
Microcephaly; Zika virus infection; Mixed dentition; Malocclusion.
Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may cause neurological, craniofacial, and oral abnormalities, including changes in tooth eruption timing, tooth development, and dental arch development. However, most dental studies involving children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) have focused on the primary dentition, and dental and occlusal characteristics during the mixed dentition stage remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate occlusal and dental characteristics, as well as sucking habits and feeding patterns, in children with microcephaly associated with CZS during the mixed dentition stage. An analytical cross-sectional study will be conducted with two groups: G1 will comprise children with microcephaly associated with CZS receiving care at Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL), whereas G2 will comprise chil- dren without microcephaly who will be recruited and examined at a municipal public school in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and their families will be assessed in both groups. Oral examinations will be performed by a single previously calibrated examiner using a mouth mirror and periodontal probe. The mixed dentition stage, molar relationship, anterior open bite, anterior and posterior crossbite, overjet, overbite, anterior crowding, and dental arch form will be evaluated. The timing and sequence of permanent tooth eruption, dental anomalies in number, size, and shape, developmental defects of enamel, nutritive and non-nutritive sucking habits, and feeding patterns will also be investigated. Initially, descriptive analyses of categorical and quantitative variables will be performed. For group comparisons and assessment of possible associations, the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test will be used, as appropriate. Prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals will be calculated, with a significance level of 5%.