Parameters-Free Non-Iterative Two-terminal Measurements Synchronization and Fault Location Algorithms
Synchronization of measurements, fault location, protection, monitoring, and control of electrical systems.
In this work, angle synchronization method and fault location method were proposed, based on the fundamental frequency phasor approach, independent of the electrical parameters of the transmission line and of iterative processes. In the synchronization algorithm proposed the line capacitive effect is taken into account and only the analysis of steady-state voltage and current phasors is required, eliminating the need for settings based on line electrical parameters. In addition, it identifies angles in any quadrant and is insensitive to operation conditions of the system. Real operating conditions of the Brazilian system are considered to assess the algorithm performance under different scenarios, including light, moderate and heavy line loading cases, and various power factors and line lengths. The obtained results show that the synchronization proposed solution is reliable, straightforward, accurate, being useful for practical two-terminal phasor-based applications when traditional common time reference sources are not available. The tool developed for fault location requires pre and post-fault current and voltage phasors, work for all types of faults (symmetrical and asymmetrical), and for transposed and untransposed transmission lines. The evaluation of the fault location algorithms is performed through fault simulations by the ATPDraw software. The obtained results prove the efficiency of the method in finding fault location with good precision.