Flexible Channel Estimation with Superimposed Pilot for OTFS Systems
OTFS; Channel Estimation; Channel Sounding; Pilot Superposition; Pilot Sequence; Zadoff-Chu.
Bit error rate (BER), spectral efficiency (SE), and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) are metrics of paramount importance for the performance of wireless transmission systems. To meet BER requirements in modern communication systems, especially over channels with high Doppler spread, the Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation technique was developed. It outperforms Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) by exploiting the delay–Doppler domain for data modulation and channel estimation. To improve spectral efficiency, pilots superimposed on data are employed, and to minimize the PAPR of transmitted signals, different pilot arrangements have been proposed, such as Zadoff–Chu sequences and sparse pilot schemes. However, none of them is capable of achieving optimal BER performance in isolation, considering their trade-offs and the multiple channel types and application scenarios. In this context, this work proposes a flexible system for channel estimation and data detection, using OTFS modulation with superimposed pilots (Flex-SP), encompassing different arrangements adjustable according to the scenario. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed solution achieves better BER performance compared to the state of the art across various channel types, particularly under conditions of higher delay and Doppler spread, at medium and high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), achieving gains of up to one order of magnitude. Moreover, the combined optimization of BER and the number of iterations for data interference cancellation enables a reduction of up to 100% in the number of these iterations, directly impacting computational cost, while only marginally degrading BER performance.