STUDENT ASSISTANCE AS A STRATEGY TO COMBAT SCHOOL DROPOUT AND RETENTION IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES: A CLIPPING OF THE POTIGUAR SEMIARID
higher education; student assistance; public policies; evasion; retention.
Historically, the Brazilian higher education has been built as elitist, but in the last years the formulation of educational policies has granted access for students traditionally excluded from this level of education. In the midst of this process comes the Student Assistance National Program (PNAES), created to guarantee the permanence of students of Universities and Federal Institutes in socially vulnerable situations. Considering this new scenario of the Brazilian higher education, the goal of this paper is to analyze the student assistance as a strategy to combat school dropout and retention in federal universities, clipping the potiguar semiarid scenario. Specifically, I intended to understand how the PNAES was implemented; know the actions, the programs and the assisted students’ profiles; identify the students’ participation in the planning and evaluation of PNAES and discuss the student assistance as a retention strategy. To do so, I made a clipping with data from the Semi-arid Rural Federal University (UFERSA) to exemplify the boarder phenomenon. I analyzed resolutions, ordinances, activity reports and worksheets of assisted students. In addition, I conducted semi-structured interviews with deans, coordinators, psychologists and social workers who act in student care and students who are part of the student representation bodies. The data were categorized and analyzed based on the theoretical assumptions of dialectical historical materialism. The totality, the contradiction, the mediation and the dialectic were the dimensions and categories that guided the research. Some limitations of PNAES were noticed: focused actions; insufficient resources, staff and infrastructure and little student participation in the management, planning and evaluation of actions. However, even in the face of limits I found that student assistance had many advances after 2007 and it has contributed to ensuring the permanence and graduation completion of many students. Thus, PNAES has proved to be com important tool in the construction of possibilities that try to overcome the inequalities of permanence in higher education, but even with the inflections that this program has produced in the daily life of federal institutions, it will not solve all permanence problems, because they are associated with educational policies in general and their function within capitalism.