Adaptation and validity evidences of the Dementia Cognitive Fluctuation Scale
Cognitive fluctuations, dementia, adaptation, validity
Cognitive fluctuations (CF) are defined as spontaneous and transient variations in alertness and cognition,
occurring in the most common dementias. CF are associated with worsening clinical course of dementias and
neuropsychological functioning. The accuracy in the identification of CF represents an important clinical
challenge, and the failure to recognize them may contribute to a poor differential diagnosis. Among the available
tools, the Dementia Cognitive Fluctuation Scale (DCFS) was created to evaluate CF. In the Brazilian literature,
there is a lack of known studies about scales that evaluate CF. The current study aimed adapt transculturally
and to investigate evidences of construct validity of the DCFS. Transcultural adaptation encompassed 6 stages:
(1) translation the instrument from the source language to the target language; (2) synthesis of the translated
versions; (3) concordance analysis of the synthesis by judges, (4) evaluation of the instrument by the target
population; (5) back-translation, and (6) pre-test. Following the adaptation process, a preliminary study was
carried out with the application of the adapted version and a cognitive and neuropsychiatric evaluation protocol.
Sixty-two older adults participated in this study, divided in 4 groups: healthy older adults (n = 35), mild cognitive
impairment (MCI) (n = 11), Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) (n = 10), and vascular dementia (VD) (n = 6).
Preliminary results indicated dementia groups (ADD e VD) presented significantly more indicators of CF when
compared to healthy elderly. In the three clinical groups (MCI, ADD and VD), it was verified that higher levels of
FC correlated to the worse performance in semantic memory and verbal fluency. However, due to the small
samples, it was not possible to investigate the construct validity initially aimed, which is considered as essential
in posterior studies to support the use of the scale. This study achieves results in adapting the DCFS to the
Brazilian context and offers some CFs indicators in the evaluated groups, emphasizing the need for subsequent
psychometric investigations.