The Graduates of Higher Education at IFRN in the Job Market: Between Escapes and Stays
Higher education; Brain drain; Internalization; Federal Institutes; Public policy.
The changes that have occurred in the public policy scenario under the command of the federal sphere have provided diverse contrasts at the local and regional level with the presence of internalized Federal Institutes (IFs), but also due to the absence of greater investments in productive, cultural, social, scientific arrangements and technology to enhance research and innovation, which directly and has contributed to talents seeing better life opportunities in other places that are not their places. The expansion of FIs towards the interior of Brazilian states may not have the intended articulation between the objectives of the public educational policy of the federal network for local and regional development with its arrangements, which in this case may be contributing to enhancing the exit the population for other municipalities in the national territory, to other countries and for act and be involved in areas that do not involve their training. In the case of the Brazilian Northeast, reality may have highlighted population migration, particularly Rio Grande do Norte and the municipalities in the interior of the state. The central objective of the work is to analyze the brain drain of higher education graduates from IFs destined for urban centers of higher hierarchical levels as an evaluation of the public policy for the creation of the RFEPCT in line with its expansion to interior areas in Rio Grande of the North, with emphasis on the municipalities of Caicó, Currais Novos, Ipanguaçu and João Câmara. To achieve this, theories of human capital and brain drain are used with the help of mixed methodologies, including: systematic reviews; document collection and analysis (laws, decrees, projects, programs); triangulation and collection of primary data via research using structured questionnaires for graduates, in addition to semi-structured interviews with campus directors and political agents who helped set up the institutes where they are located; and secondary data using variables from IPEA, RAIS, IBGE and INEP Microdata on work, income, economy, courses, institutions and the number of graduates. The conditions of highly interdependent individuals after their training expose a scenario of uncertainty, precariousness, low-paid work and areas not correlated with their training for those who remain and, for those who have financial reserves or family conditions and opportunities, the possibility of carry out migration in search of better employment and income conditions.