From Regional to Urban: a study of BNH and MCMV policy from the perspective of regional planning in Northeast region
BNH. PMCMV. Regional Planning. Sudene. Northeastern region.
The research analyzes the social housing policy, more specifically the interface of housing policy with regional policies, responsible for implementing economic and social development policies. For this approximation, the two largest housing policies in Brazil will be observed: the National Housing Bank (BNH) (1964 - 1986); and the policy of Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV) (2009 - 2020). The objective is to analyze the articulation of these two housing policies with the policies mobilized by regional planning, operationalizing this analysis from the performance of Superintendência de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (Sudene). It will be verified how this articulation occurred, observing the alignment of these two agendas (regional and urban) and their repercussions in public production of housing in northeastern region states. The housing policy was in many moments allied to the guidelines established by the regional policies operationalized in the period. Among the projects and policies that entered the agenda of former Sudene (1959-1997), housing issue was an important strategy in the agency's actions for economic and social development in the Northeast region. With redemocratization, housing and regional policies are emptied, notably with the extinction of BNH (in 1986) and the closing of Sudene (in 1997). The Federal Constitution of 1988, delegated to the municipality the priority of action in housing agenda, leaving the states with residual action. The re-creation of Sudene, in 2003, did not mean the reestablishment of regional-housing link, since housing was put aside in the agency's policy agenda. It is questioned how regional planning agenda is articulated with the housing policy implemented by BNH, and, later, with PMCMV, in the northeastern region states and how this articulation influenced the strategies of housing provision in these states? The initial hypothesis is that the housing agenda, when transferred to the responsibility of municipalities, loses the necessary role for dialogue with regional policies that are operationalized from the states. The methodological procedures cover a systematic survey of data in a wide documentary base of Plans, Master Plans, programs, technical reports, projects, diagnoses, management reports, studies, legislation of Sudene and of Northeastern region state governments; in addition to interviews that will compose the case study with selected states, with agents of technical staff and the executive. The analysis and systematization of data will be based on the production of analysis grids in Excel, cartographic production in the Software provided by GIS and quali-quant analysis using MaxQDA qualitative analysis software.