This dissertation aims to analyze the productive structure of the Northeast region of Brazil, as well as the states belonging to the region, and to evaluate the importance of the economic activities present in its territory. Despite the growth experienced recently by the Brazilian economy benefits the reduction of regional disparities, it is observed that the Northeast is still the most unequal region in the country. Therefore, given the macro-regional heterogeneity and persistence of structural problems, what is the structure of the interactions between the sectors of economic activity present in the Northeast, as well as the states belonging to the region, in the recent period? To answer this question, based on the hypothesis that the current production structure of the Northeast region is conditioned to its historical background and to the cyclical movement of the national economic dynamics, based on the national input-output matrix and a combination of simple location quotients and regionalization of the matrices using the RAS method, were estimated input-output matrices for the region and states covering 40 activities in the years 2010 and 2015. Based on them, the technological profile of the regional and state economic system is identified, through structural chaining indicators. From the analysis undertaken, it appears that the Northeastern productive structure is concentrated in few activities. The states of Bahia, Ceará, and Pernambuco showed the best results in terms of productive linkages between activities, while the other states have, in general, less dynamic sectors. Furthermore, the significantly disparate results between the most developed states in the region and the others imply that the historical heterogeneity of the Northeastern productive fabric is reaffirmed so that there are several Northeasts.