|
Dissertations |
|
1
|
-
JOELSON OLIVEIRA SANTOS
-
Production Structure of Brazil's Northeast Region and States between 2010 and 2015: a contribution through the input-output approach.
-
Advisor : FABRICIO PITOMBO LEITE
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
LUCAS AZEREDO DA SILVA TEIXEIRA
-
FABRICIO PITOMBO LEITE
-
JULIANA BACELAR DE ARAUJO
-
Data: Jan 14, 2021
Ata de defesa assinada:
-
-
Show Abstract
-
This dissertation aims to analyze the productive structure of the Northeast region of Brazil, as well as the states belonging to the region, and to evaluate the importance of the economic activities present in its territory. Despite the growth experienced by the Brazilian economy until the 2008 international financial crisis benefits the reduction of regional disparities, it is observed that, in 2010, the Northeast accounts for only 13.5% of national income, his per capita income is less than the half of the national per capita income and, by comparison with the richest state in the country, São Paulo, the difference is approximately three times. On the other hand, when considering the illiteracy rate, while the national average is 8.9%, the Northeast average is 17.6%, the highest average among the macro-regions. Therefore, given the macro-regional heterogeneity and persistence of structural problems, what is the structure of the interactions between the sectors of economic activity present in the Northeast, as well as the states belonging to the region, in the recent period? To answer this question, based on the hypothesis that the current production structure of the Northeast region is conditioned to its historical background and to the cyclical movement of the national economic dynamics, based on the national input-output matrix and a combination of simple location quotients and regionalization of the matrices using the RAS method, were estimated input-output matrices for the region and states covering 40 activities in the years 2010 and 2015. From the analysis undertaken, it appears that the Northeastern productive structure is concentrated in few activities. The states of Bahia, Ceará and Pernambuco showed the best results in terms of productive linkages between activities, while the other states have, in general, less dynamic sectors. Furthermore, the significantly disparate results between the most developed states in the region and the others imply that the historical heterogeneity of the Northeastern productive fabric is reaffirmed, so that there are several Northeasts.
|
|
2
|
-
FLÁVIO KAUÊ TARGINO BEZERRA
-
BRAZILIAN SECTORIAL DEINDUSTRIALIZATION FOR THE EXTERNAL TRADE PERSPECTIVE
-
Advisor : ESTHER MAJEROWICZ GOUVEIA
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
KAIO GLAUBER VITAL DA COSTA
-
CASSIANO JOSE BEZERRA MARQUES TROVAO
-
ESTHER MAJEROWICZ GOUVEIA
-
PAULO CÉSAR MORCEIRO
-
Data: Mar 17, 2021
-
-
Show Abstract
-
To reflect on the problem of deindustrialization is to understand the importance of the sector in the growth trajectory of the main economies in the world. The sectorally disaggregated analysis of deindustrialization demonstrates the differences that exist within the manufacturing sector, which, in turn, influence their ability to contribute to the growth of countries. In this perspective, the present work has as main objective to analyze the sectoral deindustrialization of the Brazilian economy in the period of 1948-2018, focusing on international trade. In addition to specific objectives such as: investigating the country's participation in world exports, highlighting the direct and indirect effect of trade relations between Brazil-China, through key variables in this process such as international trade, among others. Thus, the hypothesis underlying the study is that there is a reduction in the 'aggregate' and 'unbundled' participation in the Brazilian manufacturing sector, aggravated by the recent increase in competition with China in the foreign and domestic markets. The justification of the study considers the current state of knowledge and is based on the importance of contributing to the literature on the discussion of deindustrialization from the perspective of international trade through sectoral analysis. As an empirical strategy, the evolution in the participation of the variable’s employment, added value, international trade and the pattern of competition between Brazil and China in third markets was analyzed, these data integrate a time frame that comprises the years 1948 to 2018, aiming to offer a comprehensive diagnosis of early deindustrialization in Brazil. To this end, it carried out a methodology that is characterized as exploratory with a statistical focus that enables both a quantitative and qualitative description. The results of the aggregate analysis (1962-2018) indicate that there has been a process of deindustrialization in Brazil since 1985 from the perspective of international trade. The disaggregated analysis of the manufacturing sector in Brazil (1990-2018) shows a heterogeneity, with deindustrialization in some sectors of higher technology and industrialization in some of less technological intensity. Also, it was identified that China had a direct and indirect impact on the deindustrialization of different manufacturing sectors in the country, especially those with less technological intensity.
|
|
3
|
-
CARLOS EDUARDO PEREIRA DO NASCIMENTO
-
Mid-sized cities, spatial interactions, and regional development: a look at the state of Ceará
-
Advisor : WILLIAM EUFRASIO NUNES PEREIRA
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
DENILSON DA SILVA ARAUJO
-
FRANCISCO DO O DE LIMA JÚNIOR
-
WILLIAM EUFRASIO NUNES PEREIRA
-
Data: Apr 23, 2021
Ata de defesa assinada:
-
-
Show Abstract
-
The repercussions of globalization in the world have brought transformations on a large scale and everywhere. Its processes have indicated the imposition of the logic of flows and networking and discontinuities or fragmentation of spaces, as well as new interpretations of the regional question. The evidence of intra and inter-regional disparities has brought to light the unequal development historically intrinsic to capitalism. From this perspective, one can observe the complexity of what it’s a city and what comes to be transformed under the aegis of the transformations promoted by the human being and by capital. In this context, new roles and values played by cities and their respective regions emerge, as well as it’s important to identify the new urban functions and the new spatial interactions that derive from them, particularly the city-region and inter-urban relations. Thus, the discussion about medium-sized cities presents itself as a complex tool of the new economic-spatial relations. Therefore, it’s present in the debates on urban and regional planning, which gives it a significant importance in contemporary studies. Then, they play new roles in the contemporary spatial logic, expanding their role as multiscale articulator of the territories. In view of this, the present work has as a general objective to analyze the medium-sized cities of Ceará as fundamental agents in the process of promoting regional development in their areas of influence from a multiscale perspective. The methodology is bibliographically based, making use of exploratory and descriptive methods with quali-quantitative analysis. The period of analysis understands the two decades of the 21st century. The research locus is the state of Ceará. The classification and the criterion established to define the medium-sized cities comprise those with between 75,000 and 500,000 habitants, having as a guiding hypothesis the existence of medium-sized cities with lower population numbers and with enough capacity to perform the same functions as a medium-sized city classified by IBGE, highlighting their urban and regional functionalities, such as Picos-PI and Pau dos Ferros-RN. Therefore, 11 cities were defined, namely: Canindé, Crateús, Crato, Iguatu, Itapipoca, Juazeiro do Norte, Quixadá, Quixeramobim, Russas, Sobral and Tianguá. The justification for using this classification is based on the assumption that the population issue no longer guides a city to present complex intermediary functions and roles or regional centers beyond the metropolitan region. Furthermore, although Caucaia, Maracanaú, Maranguape, Pacatuba, and Aquiraz meet the established criterion, they will not be in the scope of this study, since they are inserted in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, which presents a strong concentration of the State's productive structure, and because of this, they do not exercise the intrinsic characteristics of a medium-sized city. Therefore, we conclude that the analyzed medium-sized cities have mechanisms to promote the regionalization of development, being strategic points and, in the case of some of them, already consolidated as spaces for the promotion of regional development policies, each with its own spatial dimensions. Moreover, some researches that preceded the REGIC 2007 (2008) already attested that some of these cities could be characterized as medium-sized cities.
|
|
4
|
-
MARCELO HENRIQUE BEZERRA BRANDÃO
-
Disposable income inequality in Brazil: analysis from Gini Index decompositions using PNAD's database (2012-2019).
-
Advisor : CASSIANO JOSE BEZERRA MARQUES TROVAO
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
ANTONIO HERMES MARQUES DA SILVA JUNIOR
-
CASSIANO JOSE BEZERRA MARQUES TROVAO
-
DANIELA VERZOLA VAZ
-
FABRICIO PITOMBO LEITE
-
Data: Apr 23, 2021
Ata de defesa assinada:
-
-
Show Abstract
-
The present work aims to analyze income inequality evolution and its decompositions for Brazil, between 2012 and 2019. Based on information gathered from Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD-C), and assessing income inequality in its distinct sources: income from work, retirements and pensions income, income from social protection and other sources; and, also, by dividing the population in subgroups. The analyzed cuts are: home situation (rural/urban) and macrorregional. This work uses two distinct Gini decomposition methods: 1) Bhattacharya e Mahalanobis (1967), which allows for Gini decomposition in case of crossing Lorenz curves; and 2) Zenga (2013) and Zenga and Valli (2018), that makes a cross decomposition possible between subgroups and sources. The objective is to present an assessment of income inequality behaviour based on changes that happened through cyclic economic oscillation of Brazilian economy in these times. It is argued that analyzing the contribution to the income inequality of each source and each subgroup, and also for their combined effect, contributes not only to a more general discussion of the country's inequality, but also strengthens the base for a more precise diagnosis of Brazilian problems and challenges while facing this phenomenon, under the optics of public policy.
|
|
5
|
-
GUILHERME SOUSA BRANDAO
-
Multidimensional Poverty in Northeast Region: An Analysis Based on Continuous PNAD Data (2016 - 2019).
-
Advisor : CASSIANO JOSE BEZERRA MARQUES TROVAO
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
ROSEMARY DE MATOS CORDEIRO
-
CASSIANO JOSE BEZERRA MARQUES TROVAO
-
RICARDO OJIMA
-
Data: Apr 28, 2021
Ata de defesa assinada:
-
-
Show Abstract
-
The poverty subject is too complex to have its analysis limited exclusively by the insufficiency of one's income. This is a question which must be approached by the multidimensional perspective, once this phenomenon manifests itself in terms of deprivation of basic capabilities and socioeconomic insufficiency in meeting human needs. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the poverty in the Northeast region in Brazil, according to multidimensional aspects. To do so, it begins with a brief history of the evolution of the “poverty concept” in economic thinking about poverty. Right after, there is a discussion about poverty in the Northeast region, highlighting different causative and mitigating elements for this phenomenon in this region. Moreover, different approaches and methodologies to measure poverty are presented, creating a comparative study between the unidimensional and multidimensional views for Northeast and its Federation Units. In order to operationalize the applied poverty's study in the Northeast region, data from the National research by Continuous Household Sample (PNAD-C) from 2016 to 2019 were used.
|
|
6
|
-
WILDE CARLOS DA SILVA E SILVA
-
Business Cycles: a comparative analysis between Minsky's instability and Mises' austrian theory.
-
Advisor : ANDRE LUIS CABRAL DE LOURENCO
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
ANDRE LUIS CABRAL DE LOURENCO
-
MARCIA MARIA DE OLIVEIRA BEZERRA
-
SIMONE SILVA DE DEOS
-
Data: Apr 28, 2021
Ata de defesa assinada:
-
-
Show Abstract
-
The present study aims to assess the premise that the Austrian cycle theory and the Minskyan theory, have relevant degree of similarity about the analysis of the dynamics of economic cycles, based on from the considerable points of correlation between the two theories. The research follows this comparative line between theories, seeking to understand the similarities, divergences and points of complementarity, identifying at each stage the influence of speculation. For this, a theoretical-bibliographic methodology of literature review on the proposed theme was used. In this perspective, from the model descriptions and the comparison between them, the hypothesis about the relevance of the degree of similarity of the analyzes of the two cycles theories in question was evaluated. From the results obtained, it appears that the theories present a considerable degree of compatibility, in various elements and principles, in their model proposals for the cycle, but there are fundamental divergences in terms of causalities and prescriptions. In addition, speculation stands out as a determinant for the structuring of both theories, presenting itself as destabilizing when it is widely disseminated.
|
|
7
|
-
APOLO NAZARENO GARCIA DE SOUZA
-
AN EDUCATIONAL EFFICIENCY INDEX FOR THE CITIES OF THE RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: A DSBM APPROACH
-
Advisor : IGOR EZIO MACIEL SILVA
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
IGOR EZIO MACIEL SILVA
-
JULIA ROCHA ARAUJO
-
LUCIANO MENEZES BEZERRA SAMPAIO
-
DANIELLA MEDEIROS CAVALCANTI
-
Data: Apr 30, 2021
Ata de defesa assinada:
-
-
Show Abstract
-
This research aimed to estimate the Educational Efficiency Frontier of the municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, at a fundamental level, in the period from 2011 to 2017. The methodology used was the Dynamic model proposed by Tone and Tsutsui (2010). The study used secondary variables extracted from the main educational sites in the country, such as MEC, INEP, and SIOPE. The results showed that only 28 municipalities were located on the global efficiency boundary and that most of them are concentrated in the Western Potiguar mesoregion. Although the inefficiency index reached 77.24%, 57 municipalities had efficiency scores above 0.8. The results indicate that municipal managers should review how they allocate educational resources in order to improve the indicators of these municipalities.
|
|
8
|
-
MAVIGSON FRANCISCO DA SILVA
-
Do pedagogical attractiveness and decentralized, classroom autonomy improve education ratings? An evaluation study on the PIP (Projeto de Inovação Pedagógica) in The State of Rio Grande do Norte, from 2013 to 2019.
-
Advisor : IGOR EZIO MACIEL SILVA
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
IGOR EZIO MACIEL SILVA
-
DIEGO DE MARIA ANDRE
-
JULIA ROCHA ARAUJO
-
DANIELLA MEDEIROS CAVALCANTI
-
Data: Apr 30, 2021
Ata de defesa assinada:
-
-
Show Abstract
-
On a global scale, education is taken as one of the most important pillars of human capital, which improves economic growth and development. Brazil, however, scores among the lowest positions in international tests concerning the development of basic education, making the need for educational improvement paramount. In economic literature, one of the ways of fostering economic growth and development is the promotion of education when decentralizing actions and resources. One of the examples of programs developed to accomplish the former goals is the Pedagogic Innovation Program (PIP/Programa de Inovação Pedagógica), that consists of government policies on educational matters created by the Government Body of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, having The World Bank as a partner, aiming to solve the low attractiveness of school activities by proposing customized projects to each school, in a decentralized fashion. Having been enacted three times, beginning in 2014, the PIP has been striving to improve the performance of regular students by lowering class evasion and raising the rate of students who pass their tests. As a way of verifying the effectiveness of the program, the goal of this research is to evaluate the impact of the PIP on the pass rates of its intended audience, that is, schools housing students in 4th, 5th and 6th grades of elementary school and also in the first year of high school. To evaluate the impact of the program, there has been an estimation of a data model on a GLS panel with fixed effects, on a school-year level, consulting three databases: a) Microdata from the school census; b) consolidated data from the National Institute of Educational Research and Studies (INEP); c) administrative and processual data from the PIP. Preliminary results suggest that the PIP had a meaningful impact on its target audience, considering the pioneering effort of this research when evaluating another PIP round.
|
|
9
|
-
AMANDA RENALLY PEREIRA COSTA
-
Violence against women by intimate partners: an analysis of socio-economic and spatial factors on the probability of victimization
-
Advisor : DIEGO DE MARIA ANDRE
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
DIEGO DE MARIA ANDRE
-
JANAINA DA SILVA ALVES
-
JOSÉ RAIMUNDO DE ARAÚJO CARVALHO JUNIOR
-
JULIA ROCHA ARAUJO
-
Data: Jun 14, 2021
Ata de defesa assinada:
-
-
Show Abstract
-
This study aims to estimate the effect of socioeconomic variables on physical domestic violence against women by their intimate partner in Natal/RN, one of the most violent capitals in Brazil. Besides that, it was identified which are the high-risk areas in the city (measures in terms of probability of victimization). Therefore, we used data from the second wave of the research PCSVDFMulher for the construction of an econometric model of logistic regression and, posteriorly, for making maps using the universal kriging method. It is highlighted that the methodology of this research has an innovative character since this is the first work to approach the issue of domestic violence in the mentioned city from the high-risk area perspective. The results have pointed that the education level and the cohabitation with the partner tends to decrease the probability to suffer physical violence in Natal/RN, while that the age, having at least one child with up to 6 years old and living in a neighborhood with frequent policing activity tends to increase this probability. Having a black skin and having a paid job were not relevant for this analysis. Regarding the domestic violence spatial effects, the research has shown that the poorest regions at Natal are the most affected.
|
|
10
|
-
YURE RÉVELLES DA SILVA MOURA
-
IMPACTOS DE CHOQUES MACROECONÔMICOS NO SETOR INDUSTRIAL DO NORDESTE: UMA ABORDAGEM COM MODELOS VAR/VEC
-
Advisor : JOAO PAULO MARTINS GUEDES
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
NICOLINO TROMPIERI NETO
-
IGOR EZIO MACIEL SILVA
-
JOAO PAULO MARTINS GUEDES
-
Data: Jul 31, 2021
Ata de defesa assinada:
-
-
Show Abstract
-
According to data from the National Confederation of Industry (CNI) for the year 2018, Brazil occupied the tenth position as industrial producer in the world, accounting for a share of about 2.1%. Although its contribution to the world market is small, industry is the activity that generates the most wealth for Brazil. In the Northeast, the industrial sector accounts for approximately 10.8% of formal jobs and has 85.3% of the share in the composition of goods and services exported by the region. In this sense, this study aims to investigate the behavior of the industrial sector at the regional and state level to exogenous shocks in the variables: oil price, exchange rate and nominal interest rate. To achieve these objectives, a set of aggregated industrial data covering the years 2002 to 2019 was used, totaling 219 observations, obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Statistical Geography (IBGE). As macroeconomic variables, the real effective exchange rate obtained from the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) was adopted for the exchange rate. For the oil price, the Brent-type crude oil barrel price was used in dollars (US$) per barrel, obtained from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and, finally, as the nominal interest rate the variable (overselic) obtained from the BCB website made available by Ipeadata was used. As a methodological strategy, the approach with models with Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and the Error Correction Vector Model (VECM) was adopted for the regional and state industrial sector. Furthermore, it complemented the analysis with the impulse-response function and the decomposition of the forecast error variance. As a result, it was evident that industrial sectors in the Northeast region respond heterogeneously and with different intensity to shocks in macroeconomic variables. The variance decomposition revealed that the real exchange rate is the main variable affecting the regional and state industrial product both in the short and in the long run.
|
|
11
|
-
LUIZ VINÍCIUS DE AZEVEDO
-
The transformation of the spatial configuration of Rio de Janeiro from its foundation to its industrial phase: socioeconomic implications.
-
Advisor : WILLIAM EUFRASIO NUNES PEREIRA
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
ANA CRISTINA DOS SANTOS MORAIS
-
ANGELO MAGALHAES SILVA
-
MARCONI GOMES DA SILVA
-
WILLIAM EUFRASIO NUNES PEREIRA
-
Data: Oct 29, 2021
Ata de defesa assinada:
-
-
Show Abstract
-
Thinking about the issues surrounding the geographic space, its flows and configurations imply an effort to understand the dynamics present in the social structure, covering issues of different specifications. This dissertation aims to characterize the process of spatial transformation in Rio de Janeiro, especially in its capital, from its formation process to its industrial period. In the analysis of this object, a survey is carried out on the concept of space present in debates on economic theory, broadening the analytical lens to approach the totality of social relations, imbricated by controversies, disputes and social groups of various, which overlap. to space all its complexity. In this sense, the study is based on the methodological view of Milton Santos (2020), where space acquires a structural and systemic character, as it encompasses geographic objects (natural and artificial) distributed over the territory, forming a spatial configuration. It starts with the concepts and services between processes, function and form. It is observed that the formation of the urban space in Rio de Janeiro was inserted within the mercantile logic, in which issues related to transport logistics and trade routes, especially maritime, interfered with the location and not the pattern of occupation of the territory, but conditioned by characteristic processes of the phase. of capital accumulation, in which the formation of capitalism in economies demanded, where the process of circulation had greater importance, showing social - of class and race -, political, defense and ideological- cultural so that the spatial dynamic is consolidated, materializing a agrarian- mercantile city. When the pattern of capital accumulation changes, a new pattern of spatial configuration is consolidated, in which social relations of subordination, built in the colonial period, were established and guaranteed the conditions for the reproduction of industrial capital, allowing factories to assume a role active in coordinating the spatiality of Rio de Janeiro. Furthermore, state actions characterize the entire period analyzed, either as the main agent of spatial reorganization, or in the sense of supporting capital, by regulating the relationship between capital and labor, urban infrastructure improvements and the distribution of income in the economy. These elements highlighted the controversies of social relations, which outlined the scope of the labor market, housing conditions and the conditions of sociability of social groups, in order to express themselves spatially, either through quilombos or through favelas. In short, it is concluded that the relationships between the spatial elements consolidated an urban pattern that stigmatized, marginalized and subordinated social groups, producing existing problems around the favelas.
|
|
12
|
-
MARIA LARISSA BEZERRA BATISTA
-
AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF THE MATOPIBA REGION: AN APPLICATION OF FACTORIAL AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS
-
Advisor : JANAINA DA SILVA ALVES
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
JANAINA DA SILVA ALVES
-
DIEGO DE MARIA ANDRE
-
CHRISTIANE LUCI BEZERRA ALVES
-
ELIANE PINHEIRO DE SOUSA
-
Data: Dec 10, 2021
Ata de defesa assinada:
-
-
Show Abstract
-
A modernização agrícola pode ser entendida como a reestruturação na base técnica da categoria, isto é, na crescente utilização de matérias-primas e métodos de produção modernos, a exemplo dos fertilizantes, corretivos do solo e melhoramento de sementes, como também na intensificação do uso de maquinários, como tratores, colheitadeiras e semeadeiras, com o intuito de aumentar a produtividade dos fatores terra e trabalho. Todo esse processo de transformações acarreta em modificações técnicas no sistema produtivo, sendo uma fase que é caracterizada, ainda, por uma maior racionalidade do empreendimento e inserção de inovações tecnológicas, incluindo práticas mais sofisticadas de colheita. Nesse sentido, a modernização leva a industrialização da agricultura, que está relacionada com as mudanças na relação do homem com a natureza, nos elementos sociais de produção e instrumentos de trabalho. Sendo assim, o MATOPIBA é uma região formada pelos municípios fronteiriços dos estados do Maranhão (MA), Tocantins (TO), Piauí (PI) e Bahia (BA). A mesma é apontada, na literatura, como a última fronteira agrícola do país, como resultado do avanço do agronegócio e do crescimento de um modelo de produção apoiado em alta mecanização. Nos últimos anos, sua dinâmica de ocupação do solo passou por grandes e rápidas transformações, em razão do crescimento das atividades agropecuárias, com uma nova forma econômica de exploração do seu território, a partir do cultivo de grãos. Com base nisso, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é estudar o processo de modernização agrícola no MATOPIBA. Para isso, as metodologias empregadas consistem na aplicação da Análise Fatorial (AF), Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE) e na estimação do modelo espacial SAC, tendo como variável dependente o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) agropecuário e como variáveis independentes os fatores obtidos pela AF.
|
|
13
|
-
RENATA BENÍCIO DE OLIVEIRA
-
EFICIÊNCIA DO SETOR AGROPECUÁRIO NORDESTINO E SEUS DETERMINANTES: UMA ANÁLISE PARA 2006 E 2017
-
Advisor : JANAINA DA SILVA ALVES
-
COMMITTEE MEMBERS :
-
AHMAD SAEED KHAN
-
ALICE ALOISIA DA CRUZ
-
ELIANE PINHEIRO DE SOUSA
-
JANAINA DA SILVA ALVES
-
Data: Dec 14, 2021
Ata de defesa assinada:
-
-
Show Abstract
-
O setor agropecuário no Brasil possui a heterogeneidade como uma de suas principais características. Esse aspecto se reflete em questões econômicas, sociais e geográficas, entre outras, e, consequentemente, influencia nas relações entre os produtores e o mercado. Em outros termos, cada agente se encontra em condições específicas que são capazes de determinar se há ou não possibilidade de permanência no setor. Nesse sentido, considerando que os bens sejam homogêneos, fatores como grau de competitividade, qualidade, produtividade e eficiência se revelam com grande importância e, portanto, devem receber a atenção devida, principalmente, em regiões, como o Nordeste brasileiro, que abriga uma quantidade considerável de agricultores, em relação ao total nacional. Diante da inviabilidade de tratar de todas estas questões, a presente pesquisa tem seu foco direcionado à análise da eficiência. Dessa forma, objetiva mensurar a eficiência do setor agropecuário nos municípios nordestinos e seus determinantes, a partir de dados dos anos de 2006 e 2017, retirados dos Censos Agropecuários dos respectivos anos. Especificamente, almeja analisar o desenvolvimento do setor agropecuário nordestino, estudar os conceitos de eficiência debatidos na literatura e suas formas de aferi-la, calcular os escores de eficiência técnica e de escala do setor agropecuário dos municípios da região Nordeste e investigar os fatores determinantes desses escores de eficiência. Para mensurar a eficiência do setor agropecuário, utilizou-se o modelo de Análise Envoltória dos Dados (DEA), juntamente com o Índice de Malmquist, e, para investigar seus fatores determinantes, empregou-se o modelo de regressão quantílica, para uma amostra de 1.263 municípios nordestinos. Os resultados evidenciaram que, em ambos os anos, quase a totalidade destes foi extremamente ineficiente, indicando, portanto, que os produtores estão tendo limitações em seu processo produtivo, e consequente desperdício de recursos. Além disso, o Índice de Malmquist revelou que o maior obstáculo para o aumento da eficiência é o atraso tecnológico. Acerca dos determinantes dos escores de eficiência mensurados, verificou- se que as variáveis analisadas influenciaram os quantis (0.25, 0.50 e 0.75) de forma diferente, sendo que o percentual de estabelecimentos com acesso ao financiamento e recebimento de orientação técnica obtiveram sinal negativo com os escores de eficiência do setor agropecuário nordestino. Ademais, a participação relativa daqueles cujo dirigente possui ensino médio regular registrou o efeito com maior magnitude nos dois primeiros quantis, enquanto a realização de práticas cooperativas foi o fator que mais influenciou a parte superior da distribuição. Assim, concluiu-se que é necessário que o poder público fortaleça seus instrumentos promotores do desenvolvimento agropecuário no Nordeste e amplie o alcance destes, de modo a atingir uma maior quantidade de produtores. Ademais, o investimento em educação também se mostrou relevante.
|
|