Reference values of bipodal heel rise test, externally cadenced: a multicenter study
Physical resistance. Muscle strength. Reference values. Fatigue
Introduction: The heel rise test (HRT) presents great utility in the health area for assessing
calf properties such as strength, resistance, fatigue and performance. Many application protocols are currently
available, with several parameters and great variability. This makes interpretation and reproducibility difficult
in clinical practice, as it does not present defined reference values, as well as a uniform description
of the technique. The definition of a protocol that exacerbates the patient's musculature to the
maximum through a single external cadence test could facilitate its clinical applicability and serve
as a parameter for individuals with muscle dysfunctions, such as in peripheral vascular disorders,
among others. Objectives: To propose prediction equations of the externally cadenced Heel
Rise Test (HRTEC), with bipodal support in adult Brazilians and to determine the reference values for this
population, comparing the groups between sex and age groups. Method: Cross-sectional observational
study, the Brazilian sample, with ages between 20 and 59 years, being sedentary to active, of both sexes,
with body mass index (BMI) ³18.5 and <30.0 kg / m2, with no clinical history of musculoskeletal injury in
ankles and peripheral vascular diseases (brachial ankle index between 0.9 and 1.3). The International
Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to exclude a subject considered very active. After the initial
evaluation, all the individuals included were submitted to the HRTEC protocol, being the participant in a
bipodal position, with the forefoot positioned on a 3cm high board, starting from a 10º angle of dorsiflexion
and dominant hand supported on the wall. A stadiometer was used to mark the maximum height that the
participant reached in a flexing plant. The cadence was controlled by metronome at 60 elevations / minute,
with continuous heart rate (HR) monitoring. A familiarization of the test was done initially.
The test was terminated by withdrawal, cadence loss or if the subject did not reach his / her maximum
flexion height at the stadiometer twice. The symptoms of pain and fatigue were evaluated before and after,
and signs and symptoms reported were recorded. For pain, there was follow-up after 24 and 48 hours by
visual analog pain scale (VAS). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to analyze the normality of the data.
Median and interquartile ranges (25-75%) were expressed for variables with non-normal distribution. The
Mann-Whitney test was used to compare performance (number of elevations) between genders. The multiple
linear regression model (backward method) was performed to verify the association between predictive
variables (age, height, sex, weight, BMI and IPAQ) and the HRTEC performance, in addition to calculating
the HRTEC prediction equation. The significance level of 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were
considered throughout the data analysis. Statistical software GraphPad Prism version 7.0 was used.
Results: Up to the present moment, 116 volunteers participated, including 109, 63 (57.8%) female, with
a general age of 33.1 (± 10.8) years, BMI of 24.3 (± 3) kg / m 2. The performance evaluated between
the sexes presented a statistical difference (p <0.05), being higher in males [53.5 (48-83)] versus
females [46.5 (38.5-55.2)]. We found a positive correlation between performance and IPAQ
variables (r = 0.23, p = 0.01) and pain after 48 hours (r = 0.27, p = 0.005). The linear regression
analysis determined the predictive equation with the independent variables sex and IPAQ that correlated
with performance (performance = 71.086 + (-0.333 * SEX) + (0.225 * IPAQ), p <0.05, r2 = 0, 19).
Conclusions: As preliminary results, we found that the performance of number of plantar flexions in the
HRTEC correlate with the predictive variables of sex and IPAQ to obtain a prediction equation.