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Guiding principle of action, Galperin's theory, Learning
This study brings the results and discussions of an investigation about the influence of a formative experience in the process of understanding the action to read critically in the context of teacher training in a degree course in Chemistry, based on the evidence of the guiding basis of activity (BOA) of these students through the execution of a didactic system elaborated in function of a Scheme of the Complete Basis of Activity (EBOCA). It is based on the Theory of Planned Formation of the Mental Actions and Concepts of Piotr. Yakovlevich Galperin (1902-1988), in function of its presuppositions related to the orientation of the action as object of the psychology of the Activity, besides being based on the studies linked to the historical-cultural approach and the language, from which it makes the cut of the ability of critical reading as an Activity whose guiding aspect of the action constitutes as a professional knowledge for the teaching and learning of Chemistry. In methodological terms it consists of a formative experience based on the assumptions of Lev Vygotski's Formative Experiment (1896-1934), from which a qualitative investigation was established to understand the process of restructuring the guiding base for critically reading content texts chemical in which the instruments of the pedagogical test, the observations and the field records for the data collection were privileged. The results were analyzed according to the level of orientation of the action and their interpretations revealed a distance between the real development zone and the desired knowledge for said reading action from which the influence of the experience on the qualitative changes of the action is discussed.