STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS FROM THE ALBIAN TO CAMPANIAN STAGE OF THE POTIGUAR BASIN: FROM SEISMIC TO RESERVOIR SCALE
Potiguar Basin; Sequence Stratigraphy; High-resolution Sequence Stratigraphy; Reservoir Management
A stratigraphic analysis integrating seismic, well data and biostratigraphic data led to the definition of five third-order depositional sequences and their respective system tracts between the Albian and Campanian stages of the Potiguar Basin. As they become younger, the falling stage and lowstand system tracts of depositional sequences become thinner or are not interpreted, and transgressive and highstand system tracts become thicker, which reflects the general transgressive trend of the second order sequence in which they are inserted. The Depositional Sequence 1 comprises Albian siliciclastic and carbonate deposits. The Falling Stage System Tract of Depositional Sequence 1 (FSST 1) is preserved in submarine canyon C1. The Lowstand System Tract of Depositional Sequence 1 (LST 1) is composed of fluvial deposits restricted to valleys or non-confined and amalgamated and deltaic deposits basinward. Marine carbonate rocks (Ponta do Mel Formation) and their onshore fluvial counterparts represent the Transgressive (TST 1) and Highstand (HST 1) system tracts. Depositional Sequence 2 are mid- to early Cenomanian aged. The submarine canyon C2 is filled with FSST 2 and LST 2. Onshore, LST 2 is composed of braided fluvial systems. TST 2 onlaps the Maximum Regression Surface (MRS 2) in the marine section and is composed of meandering and tide influenced fluvial deposits onshore. The HST 2 downlaps the Maximum Flood Surface 2 (MFS 2) and is very restricted onshore. Depositional Sequence 3 is late Cenomanian to mid-Turonian aged. TST 3 onlaps MRS 3 in the marine sections and is composed of meandering fluvial and estuarine deposits onshore. HST 3 downlaps MFS 3 in the marine section and is composed of carbonate deposits and their onshore siliciclastic counterparts. The depositional sequences 4 and 5 are entirely inserted within the context of the carbonate platform of the Jandaíra Formation and only transgressive and highstand system tracts were interpreted. Açu Formation, the main oil-bearing formation of the Potiguar Basin, is inserted into depositional sequences 1, 2 and 3 and is strongly affected by the lateral and vertical variations of the depositional systems. The stratigraphic framework defined on a seismic scale is a starting point for the stratigraphic refinement on a reservoir scale. From the integrated analysis of rock data, electric logs and production data of a mature heavy oil field, part of the fluvial section of TST 2 (inserted in the Açu Formation) was subdivided into 9 fourth-order depositional sequences. The subaerial unconformities that limit them are interpreted at the top of paleosol levels that are correlated throughout the study area and that control the fluid flow within reservoirs. The nine high-frequency depositional sequences of TST 2 and the LST 2 now represent the reservoir zonation of the studied interval, replacing the four previous lithostratigraphic zones. The new reservoir zonation allowed a more detailed reservoir characterization and led to a better representation of fluvial systems in 3D geological models and to the correction of mapping errors. The understanding of the fluid flow pattern within the reservoirs led to the closing of intervals that are harmful to production, as well as to the identification of remaining oil not produced, responsible for increasing the useful life of wells submitted to cyclic steam stimulation. Such results reinforce the importance of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy as a tool for the improvement of mature fields recovery factors. The same methodology was used for the stratigraphic refinement of part of the HST 1 carbonate platform (inserted in the Ponta do Mel Formation), where four fourth-order genetic sequences were interpreted. Although this interval does not contain hydrocarbons, the proposed stratigraphic framework is useful as an analogy for the study and description of stratigraphic heterogeneities in marine carbonate reservoirs. Such results can be replicated in other areas and stratigraphic intervals of the Potiguar Basin and in other basins, being able to contribute to the oil industry both on an exploratory and reservoir scale