Diagenetic evolution and karst dissolution along sedimentary and structural discontinuities in carbonates from Jandaíra Formation, Potiguar Basin, Brazil
Karst; dissolution; stylolite; fracture; permeability; porosity; carbonate reservoir
The carbonate rocks of Jandaíra Formation are an easily accessible region where it is possible to study carbonate reservoir analogs. These outcrops show impressive karst dissolution cavities from millimeters to tens of meters in size superimposed on sedimentary surfaces, stylolites, and fractures and display vertical and horizontal patterns. The study of these outcrop analogs is important since many features (e.g., vuggy pores, sedimentary beds and laminae, fractures, and stylolites) are below the resolution of seismic techniques, well cores, and ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. However, they are detectable only in field analyses. The preliminary results show that bed-perpendicular stratabound and non-stratabound stylolites and fractures can be enlarged due to meteoric water percolation until they merge and form a single channel system that crosscuts all sedimentary multilayers. Bed-parallel stylolites are ubiquitous in carbonate sequences overprinting bed interfaces and layers. Where not dissolved, bed-parallel stylolites have low porosity and permeability and thus can act as barriers to vertical fluid flow. Where dissolved, such stylolites can contribute to horizontal fluid flow and form channel porosity. This study's results led to a formulation of a conceptual model of rock dissolution along structural and sedimentary discontinuities that affects carbonate rock successions in the subsurface. Moreover, diagenetic evolution can answer pore types formation, development, and distribution, which are important in explaining and predicting different karst features.