Fracture and subsidence halo around sinkholes in carbonate units in semi-arid Brazil
Sinkhole; Collapse; Karst; Fracture; Subsidence; Carbonate; Reservoirs; Dissolution
Carbonate reservoirs account for much of the world's oil production. Despite this, they are a part of a very heterogeneous environment with several associated risks, mainly in relation to the distribution of its quality distribution. The occurrence of several structures such as sinkholes and fractures brings even more uncertainties regarding changes related to the permeability and porosity of these rocks, for example. With the aid of high-resolution imaging equipment, it was possible to map and correlate several sinkholes in different stages of development, as well as their relation with existing fracture systems in Cretaceous carbonates in Northeast Brazil. The fractures act as conduits of fluids that will facilitate the dissolution, generating collapses by structural instability. We observed that there are areas in the surroundings of the sinkholes that undergo subsidence through subsurface dissolution corridors, generating halos that affect regions besides the main collapse. The collapses also affects pre-existing fracture patterns, as fractures can be enlarged and used as points of weakness to form new structures around the sinkholes. In these areas, the fracture density will increase. The joining of the different characteristics observed in the structures indicates that there may be ways to predict their influence in a carbonate reservoir, such as the change in the density of fractures and collapses affecting the layers, knowing that these implications are not restricted to the main collapse. The use of other tools such as petrographic analysis and structural mapping in larger detail can increase the understanding of carbonate reservoirs and its heterogeneities