SOIL QUALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN A TROPICAL SEMI-ARID RESERVOIR
Land use. Riparian zone. Environmental fragility. Geoprocessing.
Anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture, livestock and urbanization, modify the natural characteristics of the soil, degrading your quality. One of the expected effects is the intensification of the erosive processes, facilitating the transport of sediments and nutrients to the water bodies, making the soil function as a source of pollution to surface water sources. The susceptibility of a soil to water erosion can be an indicator of environmental vulnerability. Thus, it is expected that areas that have shallow and poorly developed soils, such as the tropical semi-arid region, have their vulnerability aggravated by the land use, so that areas of exposed soil and with the development of agricultural activities present greater environmental vulnerability and, therefore, greater potential to be a source of diffuse pollution for the reservoir. The analysis of soil quality loss, combined with the identification of environmental vulnerability of the region, provides a diagnosis of the susceptibility to local environmental degradation. The objective of this research is to evaluate the changes in soil quality and the natural vulnerability promoted by the use of the soil around the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Reservoir, contributing to the process of environmental degradation. For this, maps of vulnerability will be elaborated from information about geomorphology, geology, soil types, vegetation cover and land use. The measurement of soil quality loss will be made through the analysis of the physical and chemical attributes of soil under different uses. The results will be submitted to exploratory statistical analyzes and principal component analysis. With this, it is hoped to identify the areas most susceptible to environmental degradation in this region, which require proper management and soil handling.