In light of climate change, extreme events have become more frequent, exposing the vulnerability of critical infrastructures, including school buildings. This reality has exacerbated risks in already vulnerable educational facilities, highlighting the urgency to reevaluate and strengthen inspection and maintenance processes to ensure the safety and well-being of students and educational professionals, in line with scientific literature recommendations on risk management and climate adaptation. In this context, the research focused on analyzing the security inspection process of public school buildings in Natal-RN, identifying the main constraints that impacted the effectiveness of these inspections and assessing their relationship with the prevention and mitigation of disaster risks. The Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) was employed as the principal methodology, using techniques of direct observation, interviews with municipal engineers, and document analysis. The findings revealed significant gaps, such as the lack of standardized procedures and inadequate training of inspectors, resulting in variability in inspection practices that compromised the safety of the facilities. It was concluded that it is essential to reformulate the inspection processes to incorporate standardized procedures and specific training, aiming to enhance the efficiency of inspections and the safety of school buildings. It was also recommended to implement robust risk management practices, adapted to the new realities imposed by climate change, to ensure that school infrastructures effectively protect all their occupants.