WHAT THE EYES DON'T SEE UNDERGROUND SPRINGS FEEL: Challenges to Urban Planning based on the Analysis of Water Security in the Functional Metropolitan Region of Natal/RN
Water security; urban planning; groundwater.
Land use changes impact the environmental functions of an urban area, also altering natural processes such as water capture, a limited and essential resource for human survival. Its protection is a current and necessary topic, whether due to increased pollution, scarcity, or the lack of alternatives to mitigate main disasters. With this concern, anchored to the definition of Water Security that is gaining strength in global agendas, this doctoral thesis in development aims to investigate the possibilities of integrating the conceptual foundations of the ecosystem dimension of Water Security with Urban and Environmental Planning Instruments. Projecting in its context from the observation of water capture wells in the Functional Metropolitan Region of the city of Natal/RN, the protection of underground resources. Starting with the examination of underground water sources under urban soil as relevant elements for water protection, the research aims to understand the relationship between Water Security and Urban Planning and Environmental Protection Instruments, as a way to mitigate damage to underground water resources and connect urban-environmental policies at the metropolitan scale of Natal (RN) and manage water supply for current and future human needs. Using the official registry of public and private wells for water supply and spatialization through a GIS of natural and urban parameters, the research has preliminarily shown that it is necessary to understand the interferences occurring on the surface, such as land use, occupation, and urban infrastructure, to comprehend the underground dynamics and define preservation strategies to ensure this supply. It points out trends in contaminant fluctuation from underground flow in certain areas of the city and also relates urgent and necessary aspects of the importance of integrating territorial urban policies. It identifies that city master plans are strong elements of land management and need to incorporate, in their analysis, the interferences that increased occupation can cause to natural resources.