FROM ADOBE AND STRAW HOUSES TO VILLAGES AND FAVELAS: THE PLACE OF POPULAR HOUSING IN THE URBANIZATION PROCESS OF FORTALEZA (1850-1945)
Urban History. Space Production. Social Housing.
This work aims to contribute with new possibilities of interpretation of the urbanization process of Fortaleza, providing a perspective led by popular housing, as well as its specificities in the local context. It investigates, thus, the origins of the housing issue in the context of the capitalist modernization process of the urban space of the capital city of Ceará, performing a historical analysis of the place occupied by the popular housing typologies that succeeded throughout the urbanization process of Fortaleza, such as shanties, huts, slums, workers' villages, fishermen's villages, renting villages, row houses, backyard houses, among others. That said, this research proposes a timeframe that begins in the 1850s, when the Land Law was approved, a historical landmark in the constitution of modern private property in Brazil. The end of the time delimitation took place in 1945, a year of inflection in the housing production as a result of the state action in the context of the post-Estado Novo redemocratization. Thus, the proposed periodization covers the interval between the beginnings of the process of commodification of land as private property until the moment when the first state actions of housing production are initiated in the context of the deepening peripheralization of popular housing. As for the spatial cut, it is intended to investigate the popular territories formed along the train lines and the beach strip, as well as the outskirts of the central area of Fortaleza. For this, a series of methodological procedures were elaborated, which are divided into four consecutive stages: bibliographical research, documental research, field research and, finally, cartographic production.