WRITING BY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE SEMI-
TRANSPARENT LANGUAGES BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE AND EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE
Handwriting; Language Development; Literacy; Learning.
Objectives: The general objective of this study is to analyze the writing
skills of elementary school children from schools in Brazil and Portugal.
Among the specific objectives, the study aims to: characterize the
orthographic errors of elementary school students from private schools
with complaints of learning difficulties (Study 1); verify potential
differences in the orthographic error patterns of 2nd and 3rd-grade
elementary school children from public schools in Natal/RN/Brazil and
Lisbon/Portugal (Study 2); and analyze the narrative writing of Brazilian
and Portuguese students (Study 3). Methodology: Participants in this study
included children from private schools (Study 1) and from two public
schools, one in Brazil and one in Portugal, from the 2nd and 3rd grades
of elementary school (Studies 2 and 3). Data collection was conducted
individually at the speech-language pathology clinic-school in the LEIA
laboratory (Study 1), and collectively within the classroom during school
hours (Studies 2 and 3). The sample was divided into
groups: G2BR (Brazilian 2nd graders), G3BR (Brazilian 3rd graders),
G2PT (Portuguese 3rd graders), and G3PT (Portuguese 3rd graders). To
classify and analyze the orthographic errors, Zorzi's classification was
used (Study 1) alongside Vale and Sousa (2022) (Study 2), and a
qualitative analysis protocol for narrative texts was structured to analyze
narrative writing. Results: The results of the conducted studies revealed
a significant performance difference in both isolated word writing and
narratives between the countries. The orthographic error pattern also
proves to be distinct when comparing Brazilian and Portuguese children;
a higher quantity of errors committed by Brazilian students is observed
at both the phonological and orthographic levels. Regarding performance
in narrative writing, the performance of European students also proves
to be superior.