The Stitches of a City in Patches: Household Production and Dynamics of Urban Restructuring in the Municipality of São Gonçalo do Amarante/RN (2009–2025)
Urban Expansion; Minha Casa Minha Vida Program; São Gonçalo do Amarante; Metropolitan Region of Natal.
This dissertation addresses the relationship between housing programs and urban expansion processes, analyzing the role of the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV) in the municipality of São Gonçalo do Amarante, part of the Metropolitan Region of Natal. The research is based on the observation that, in recent decades, cities located in different metropolitan regions of Brazil have experienced intense urban growth, partly driven by the housing production promoted by the PMCMV. However, studies indicate that this process has been associated with peripheral and poorly integrated urban expansion, reinforcing socio-spatial segregation dynamics. In the municipality under study, urban expansion proved significant between 2010 and 2022, a period in which the urban population increased from 74,099 to 105,817 inhabitants, while the number of households rose from 28,495 to 54,203, according to IBGE data. In this context, the PMCMV was responsible for approximately 75.58% of the new housing units produced during this period. Given this context, the following question is raised: within the recent expansion dynamics of Brazilian metropolitan regions, how does the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program contribute to the territorial restructuring of São Gonçalo do Amarante in light of the new socio-spatial dynamics observed in the municipality since 2009? Thus, the general objective of this research is to understand the housing production promoted by the program in the municipality, considering urban expansion processes as well as socio-spatial forms and structures. Specifically, the study seeks to: (i) examine urban expansion patterns since 2009; (ii) understand the urban insertion of PMCMV housing developments in the municipality, considering different income groups; (iii) identify the urban form and the conditions of mobility and accessibility in areas with a higher concentration of developments linked to the program; and (iv) investigate the socio-spatial dynamics associated with the PMCMV, considering urban restructuring processes. From a methodological perspective, the research prioritizes conceptual approaches to urbanization, based on Henri Lefebvre (2001; 2002), David Harvey (2011; 2014), and Neil Smith (1988); housing policies, highlighting the contributions of Bentes, Tinoco and Silva (2017), Adauto Lúcio Cardoso (2013), and Raquel Rolnik (2015); and socio-spatial structures, with emphasis on the contributions of Luiz Cesar de Queiroz Ribeiro (2015), Maria Encarnação Beltrão Sposito and Eda Maria Góes (2013), Pedro de Almeida Vasconcelos (2013), and Flávio Villaça (2011). The methodological procedures combine bibliographic review, documentary analysis, and secondary data, using spatial and cartographic analysis techniques. As expected results, the study seeks to highlight the relationship between housing production, urban expansion, and the socio-spatial restructuring of the municipality of São Gonçalo do Amarante during the aforementioned period, contributing to the debate on housing programs and urban planning.