(In) Environmental justice and risk management: the case of those displaced by the Acauã (2000) and Camará (2004) dams in Paraíba
Dams; Forced Displacement; Environmental Disasters.
This thesis aims to analyze the relationship between major development projects and displacement of people. The phenomenon of human mobility generally involves social and economic demands. In the context of displacements, where individuals are forced to leave their place of origin—vulnerability is even greater, placing these people in a situation of crisis and insecurity. Repeated disasters caused by lack of oversight and negligence have affected communities, vulnerable groups, and individuals, and combined with the absence of a specific protection mechanism and lack of consensus on an appropriate definition for these displaced people, have mobilized academic, political, and legal efforts to ensure their protection and access to fundamental rights. This research, focusing on this phenomenon, begins with an analysis of access to public policies aimed at those displaced by dams in Paraíba, particularly the Acauã (2000) and Camará (2004) dams. Thus, initially, it addresses the progress in the debate on environmental injustice, which occurs when a portion of the population already in vulnerability tends to be more affected by disasters. Regarding displacement, this analysis seeks, through an in-depth and updated literature review, to contribute to the debate on the definition of displaced people, triggered by environmental changes, as well as protective instruments for these individuals, based on International Refugee Law, through the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Additional Protocol. Finally, the study aims, through a case study, to explore the access to public policies for those displaced by environmental disasters caused by the Acauã (2000) and Camará (2004) dams and their relationship with (in)justice environmental. For this purpose, this research employs a qualitative-quantitative approach, with analytical goals, including field and bibliographical research, presenting documents and technical reports produced by various organizations, such as the International Organization for Migration (IOM-Brazil), the Movement of People Affected by Dams (MAB), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).