STATE CAPACITIES AND SOCIAL PARTICIPATION: AN ANALYSIS IN THE LIGHT OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCE POLICIY IN PARAIBÁ MUNICIPALITIES
Social Participation; Social Assistance; State Capacities; Professionalized Bureaucracy; State; Society.
The implementation of social assistance policy in Brazil, in accordance with the regulations of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), requires intervention based on the interaction between the State and society, with institutionalized participatory bodies such as Councils and Conferences. This study, which examines state capacities in social assistance policy, argues that the effective realization of social participation depends on two key dimensions of state capacity: technical-administrative and political-relational. In this regard, our thesis asserts that these dimensions influence social participation within the social assistance policy framework. The central research question guiding this study is: how do state capacities shape social participation in social assistance policy at the subnational level? The general objective is to analyze the technical-administrative and political-relational capacities of municipalities in fostering social participation in social assistance policy across four municipalities in the state of Paraíba. The specific objectives are: (i) to examine the dynamics of institutional arrangements—Social Assistance Councils and Conferences—in the selected municipalities; (ii) to identify the presence of professionalized bureaucracy within the social assistance policy framework, focusing on professionals from the Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS) and Specialized Social Assistance Reference Centers (CREAS); (iii) to analyze the interaction between state and non-state actors within the Councils and Conferences in the selected municipalities. The research methodology employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches. We conducted four case studies in municipalities in the state of Paraíba. The study was carried out in two phases: the first involved the collection of secondary data through document analysis covering the period from 2011 to 2021; the second entailed gathering primary data via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews conducted between March and July 2024. The interviews involved 47 participants, representing both state and non-state actors. The findings support our thesis, demonstrating that state capacities are critical resources for enabling social participation in social assistance policy. In the analyzed municipalities, gaps were identified in both dimensions of state capacity. In the technical-administrative dimension, the professionalized bureaucracy fails to meet the basic requirements for workforce management within SUAS. In the political-relational dimension, challenges such as a lack of commitment to organizing participatory institutions and the absence of civil society actors hinder the interaction between the State and society.