Climate adaptation in the Semiarid region: regional approaches in Latin America
Climate change. Urban and regional planning. Extreme events. Precipitation.
Climate change represents one of humanity's greatest challenges, encompassing physical, social, economic, and governmental dimensions. Given the high socio-environmental and climate vulnerability of Latin American countries such as Brazil and Mexico, this research explores the integration of climate change impacts into urban and regional planning, emphasizing the strengthening of adaptation policies and adaptive management strategies. The study focuses on the Pianco-Piranhas-Acu river basin, analyzing social, economic, environmental, and institutional dimensions to monitor strategies aimed at enhancing adaptive capacity and integrating climate policies. The objective of this research is to examine how adaptation and adaptive management capacity can be strengthened within the context of the high socio-environmental and climate vulnerability faced by cities in the Latin American semiarid region (Brazil and Mexico), with a focus on regional dynamics and the impacts of climate change on urban and regional planning at the local level. Methodologically, the research adopts a mixed approach, combining bibliographic, documentary, data-based, and field research, structured into three analytical stages: i. Application of the Adaptive Capacity Management Index (IGCA); ii. Use of the Grade of Membership (GoM) Method; iii. Analysis of trends and climate extremes in precipitation data; e iv. Documentary survey on the existence of public policies and/or environmental and climate actions. Through this analysis, the study aims to identify the most vulnerable areas in terms of management, institutional capacity, and socio-economic, demographic, and environmental factors. Additionally, it seeks to highlight the cities facing the greatest challenges and to understand how they are planning to address the impacts of climate change.