Numerical study of complementary reinforcement in two pile caps with partially embedded socket with shear key interface
Pile caps. Numerical analysis. Precast concrete. Socked foundation. ABAQUS
Pile caps are foundation elements that presents a complex structural behavior and are characterized by the presence of several sets of reinforcement that aim to improve their characteristics when loaded. In this context, this paper aimed to study the influence of the inclusion of complementary vertical reinforcement in two pile caps with partially embedded socket with shear key interface and to propose new configurations of auxiliary reinforcements for its detailing. Non-linear three-dimensional numerical analyzes were developed using the ABAQUS finite element software. The numerical study was preceded by a peak force calibration step based on experimental results obtained by Barros (2013). After calibrating the model, numerical studies were carried out containing the complementary vertical reinforcement, first, presenting the experimental parameters shown by Barros (2013) and then another study where the fck of the cap was varied between 35, 40, 45 and 50 MPa, which also considered different reinforcement arrangements and steel areas. Stress levels in concrete and reinforcement, shape of struts, slope of stress vectors, cracking and failure mode were analyzed. The results showed that the inclusion of the complementary vertical reinforcement did not cause significant changes in the models studied, even when magnified by four times their steel area. However, the studies identified high tensile stresses in the concrete mass located in the region between the column and the pile with inclinations angle close to 30º, which are caused by the shear of the cap. Based on the reinforcement of such tensile stresses, this research analyzed four proposals for complementary reinforcement. With the exception of the “MA” proposal, the other reinforcements showed satisfactory results in terms of increasing the inclination and shape of the connecting rod, reducing internal cracks in the concrete mass, reducing tensile stresses in the cap and transfer the central loads to regions over the piles. Such benefits translated into an increase in the load capacity of the block by 6.79% to 12.79%.