REPERCUSSIONS OF SERIOUS PRE-ECLAMPSIA IN NEONATAL DISEASES
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced, Perinatal Care, Obstetric Nursing, Neonatal Nursing.
Introduction: The analysis of neonatal and maternal health indicators is used globally as a marker of the effectiveness of health services in a country. The perinatal period demands special attention, since the vulnerability of the fetus and neonate in the face of exposure to obstetric pathologies that influence perinatal health, such as severe preeclampsia. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the neonatal outcomes of pregnant women diagnosed with severe preeclampsia. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study developed in a maternity school, whose population corresponded to the fetuses / neonates of pregnant women diagnosed with severe preeclampsia. The sample corresponded to 157 charts, in a 12-month cut-off. Fetuses / neonates of pregnant women diagnosed with severe preeclampsia were excluded, and the fetuses / neonates of pregnant women with diagnosis of other hypertensive syndromes were excluded. SPSS 2.0 was used to analyze the data. The pre-project was approved with opinion number: 2,013,851 and C. A. A. E: 64881817.5.0000.5537. Results: As for vitality at birth, most newborns were born alive (91.1%). The incidence of fetal death was 7.6% and neonatal precocious 1.3%. Gestational age had a mean of 36 weeks (SD: 3.38); with a mean birth weight of 2,596 g (SD: 855.08), a higher proportion of low birth weight (43.3%) patients. The APGAR index in the first and second minutes was 7.1 (SD: 2.64) and 8 (SD: 2.55), respectively. 56, 7% of the neonates were male and 20.2% of the newborns required resuscitation in the delivery room. The most frequent neonatal morbidity was respiratory discomfort (14.6%). Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit occurred in 18.5% of the cases. The characterization of the mothers corresponds to a profile of women with a mean age of 27 years (SD: 7.38), 9 years of schooling (SD: 2.72), income of up to 1 salary (91.7%), union stable (64.3%), brown (80.3%), primigravida (41.4%) and primipara (46.5%). The mean prenatal visits were 6.73 (SD: 2.74). Conclusions: Exposure of the fetus / neonate to severe preeclampsia had repercussions on the incidence of fetal intrauterine death, preterm gestational age, presence of intrauterine growth restriction and, consequently, low birth weight, and the need for resuscitation respiratory distress and admission to the intensive care unit.