Assessment of physical activity level in individuals post acute myocardial infarction and its correlation with the severity of luminal occlusion.
Cardiovascular Diseases; Acute Myocardial Infarction; Level of Physical Activity
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) show a significant annual increase and a direct association with lifestyle. Among cardiovascular diseases, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) leads in the number of occurrences and hospitalizations. Controlling and modifying factors such as diet, physical exercise, and comorbidities have a strong influence on the prevention of these conditions. Thus, knowing the level of prior physical activity can help in understanding factors related to the severity of AMI. Objective: To evaluate the level of physical activity in subjects after AMI and its correlation with the severity of coronary lesions. Methodology: This is a pilot study, with a quantitative methodological approach, of the cross-sectional type. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi–FACISA/UFRN (CAAE: 89302825.6.0000.5568 and Opinion: 7.766.686). Subjects of both sexes, aged ≥18 years, hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of AMI were included. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected. The classification of coronary obstruction severity was according to the CAD-RADS methodology. The Beacker questionnaire was used to assess physical activity level, and exercise capacity was assessed using the 1-minute sit-to-stand test (1MST). Sample size calculation was performed using G*Power 3.1.9.7, taking into account the result obtained in the 1MST. Data were tabulated and stored in Microsoft® Excel® 2016 software and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics statistical software. Superman correlation was used to perform the correlation. Partial Results: Five subjects were included with a median age of 65 years (IQR 58-68) and BMI of 28.39 (IQR 23.32-30.38). Of the total, 80% (n=4) were male and 60% (n=3) had completed primary education. Four of the participants presented with severe coronary obstruction. The median observed score for physical activity level was 12.25 (IQR 10.37-13.12), with a result observed in the TSL1 of 16 repetitions (IQR 14-25). When analyzing the association between physical activity level and lesion severity, a weak correlation without statistical significance was observed (r=0.354; p=0.559). Conclusion: The partial results suggest that, although there is a tendency for an association between physical activity level and coronary lesion severity, this relationship proved to be weak and without statistical significance, and these findings may be related to the small sample size. Even so, a profile of predominantly sedentary participants or those with low levels of physical activity is observed, associated with a high frequency of severe coronary obstruction.