Analysis of Self-Perceived Functionality Dimensions in Elderly Brazilians Based on the 2019 National Health Survey
Aging. Functional Status. Health Policy. Epidemiologic Studies
Abstract
Objective: To identify latent dimensions in self-perceived functionality variables among elderly Brazilians. Method: Cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 National Health Survey of Brazil. The analyzed variables were from module K regarding self-perceived functionality in elderly individuals. Multivariate statistics were performed using Principal Component Analysis. Results: Two distinct macro-dimensions of functionality were observed: D1 and D2, which correspond to Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), respectively. When analyzing each macro-dimension separately, internal micro-dimensions were identified in both ADLs and IADLs. In ADLs, the sub-dimensions highlighted were Upper Limb ADLs and Lower Limb ADLs. On the other hand, the micro-dimensions in IADLs included Health Management IADLs and Independent External Mobility IADLs. It is noteworthy that variable K25, IADLs-Finances, was not useful for distinguishing the internal dimensions of IADLs. Conclusion: The self-perceived functional characteristics of elderly individuals represent distinct facets of their capabilities, which can be useful for guiding functional assessment in the elderly and consequently in therapeutic decision-making.