Dimensions of Self-Perceived Functioning in Brazilian Elderly People: a retrospective cross-sectional population-based study from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS).
Aging. Functional Status. Health Policy. Epidemiologic Studies.
Objective: To identify latent dimensions in the variables of functional self-perception among Brazilian elderly individuals. Method: A crosssectional study utilizing data from the 2019 National Health Survey. The analysis focused on variables from module K concerning the selfperceived functionality of elderly individuals. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed for statistical analysis. Results: Two distinct macrodimensions of functionality were observed (D1 and D2). D1 corresponds to the grouping of variables K1 to K19, which assess Activities of Daily Living, while D2 encompasses variables K22 to K34, which analyze Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. However, when examining each macrodimension separately, internal subdimensions were identified in both D1 and D2. In D1, one subdimension includes K1, K4, and K10, while another includes K7, K13, K16, and K19. In D2, one subdimension consists of K28, and another includes K22, K31, and K34. Variable K25 was found to be unhelpful in distinguishing the internal dimensions of D2. Conclusion: The self-perceived functional characteristics of elderly individuals represent distinct facets of their capabilities. This understanding may be beneficial for functional diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making.